Timeline for Carotid Blow-out in Head and Neck Cancer Patients, When to
Expect Major Bleeding?
Abstract
Abstract: Objectives: Carotid blow-out syndrome (CBS) is one of the
uncommon yet detrimental complications in head and neck cancer patients,
by presenting itself as a catastrophic bleeding. Various factors are
related with CBS. There is no timeline for the development of CBS in
patients with uncontrollable tumors. In this report we intended to
review our cases of CBS with special emphasis on risk factors, the
timeline for carotid rupture as well as the outcomes following ligation.
Design, Setting and Participants: A retrospective analysis was performed
on previously treated head and neck cancer patients who experienced
carotid blow-out syndrome (CBS) following tumor recurrence between 2015
and 2020. Results: All of the patients in this study were classified as
type III CBS and managed by carotid artery ligation. Three patients had
previous chemoradiotherapy while five had surgery and adjuvant treatment
as the primary treatment. Time to recurrence following primary treatment
was ranging between 6-19 months with a mean of 8.25±5.11 months. Apart
from tumor infiltration seen in all of the patients, 3 had fistula, 5
had wound infection and 6 had necrosis. Conclusion: CBS is an uncommon
yet detrimental complication encountered in head and neck cancer
patients, which is mostly treated by endovascular approach. However,
surgical ligation is still a treatment option especially in patients
with type III rupture. Since, there is a limited time for those patients
preventive measures should be undertaken within 4 months following soft
tissue exposure, necrosis and fistula.