Γ(d) breakup rate function, s-1
ε energy dissipation rate, m2/s3
μc viscosity of the continuous phase, Pa s
μd viscosity of the dispersed phase, Pa s
𝜆 viscosity ratio
a distance parameter, m
𝜂 the dimensionless diameter
Kolmogorov microscale, m
Λ the distance over which the vortex velocity varies significantly, m
ρc continuous phase density, kg/m3
ρd dispersion phase density, kg/m3
σ interfacial tension, N/m
σI interfacial stress, N/m2
σv,c deforming viscous stress, N/m2
σv,d Internal viscous stress, N/m2
σdrop drop restoring stress, N/m2
𝜏t the disruptive stress, N/m2