Figure 3. Lack of differentiation between eastern and western
monarchs. (A) Genetic clustering was based on principal component
analysis (PCA) of SNPs covered in all the samples of eastern and western
monarchs, generated using SNPrealte
(Zheng et al. , 2012). Each point
represents one sample in the data set (black: eastern monarchs; red:
western monarchs). Although there are a few outliers from the western
population, we did not observe any clear clustering patterns of eastern
and western monarchs (top 5 Principle components are given in Figure
S5). (B) Admixture plot for eastern and western monarchs with values of
âKâ set to 2, 3 and 4. No specific pattern of clustering was observed
between eastern and western monarchs.