Methods
This study used a descriptive correlational survey design. The design aided the researchers with the quantified information regarding attitudes of nurses and physicians in discussing the expected patients’ bills. A total of 122 nurse and physician (N = 122) from a health care setting in Jordan were participated in this study. Participants were identified conveniently according to their availability and eligibility. The inclusion criteria including a reasonable clinical experience (5 years or more) and a willingness to participate. At each time of data gathering procedure, permission and consent has been obtained from each respondent by reiterating the purpose of this study.
Questionnaire was the main instrument in collecting the data. The instrument was adopted from the study of 19. The self-reported instrument consisted of 15-Likert-scale questions and aimed to report the experiences and engagement of health care providers toward cost communication with their patients. In this measure, items were rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree); higher scores reflected more engagement with cost discussions. The scale is valid and reliable with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 (Altomare et al., 2016).