4.1Public policies selected for the analysis
The most relevant policies selected within the established criteria were
seven:
1) National Environment Policy (PNMA): Establishes
environmental protection measures and standards to guarantee the
environmental quality of water and soil resources and the conservation
of biodiversity, guaranteeing sustainable development and improving the
living conditions of the population (Brasil, 1981).
2) National Water Resources Policy (PNRH): Proposes the
systematic sustainable management of water resources, in quantity and
quality, in account to the diversity of physical, biotic, demographic,
economic, social and cultural aspects in Brazilian regions; seeks the
integration and articulation of water resources management with
environmental management and land use patterns; promote the articulation
of watershed planning among water users sectors within regional, state
and national levels; facilitates the river basin management integration
with estuarine systems and coastal areas (Brasil, 1997).
3) Native Vegetation Protection Law (Forest Code): Establishes
general rules on vegetation protection, permanent protection areas and
legal reserves creation; defines limits for forest exploration,
selection of forest raw materials, control of forest products origin;
controls and prevents forest fires , in addition to providing
economic-financial instruments to achieve its objectives (Brasil,
2012a).
4) National Policy on Agroecology and Organic Production
(PNAPO) : Develops, adapts and stimulate adoption of soil management
practices and processes with agroecological biases. Integrates,
articulates and adapts policies, programs and actions that induce
agroecological transition and organic and agroecological production,
contributing to the sustainable use of natural resources and the supply
and consumption of healthier food (Brasil, 2012b);
5) National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC): Officials the
commitments assumed by the country in international agreements on
climate change; promotes actions to mitigate climate change and reduce
vulnerability of environmental, social and economic systems; seeks
integrated strategies that encourage and support the participation of
different actors in the agricultural, energy and steel sectors to
mitigate and adapt to climate change (Brasil, 2009).
6) National Policy for the Recovery of Native Vegetation
(Proveg): Proposes policies articulation, integration and promotion,
defines programs and actions that induce the recovery of forests and
other forms of native vegetation, in addition to the environmental
compliancy of Brazilian rural properties, in a total area of, at least
12 million hectares, by 2030 (Brasil, 2017);
7) National Policy to Combat Desertification and Mitigate
Drought Effects (PNCDMES): Establishes mechanisms to prevent and combat
desertification, to recover areas under land degradation process, and to
prevent, adapt and mitigate the effects of drought throughout the
national territory; institutes mechanisms for protection, preservation,
conservation and recovery of natural resources promoting environmental,
water and energy security; integrates the production and use of water
resources socially and environmentally, the production and use of water
collection, storage and water conduction infrastructure (Brasil, 2015).
The main objectives and instruments of all the aforementioned policies
were systematized and presented in Annex 1.