Database and obtained data
We used “A database of lotic invertebrate traits for North America”
(Vieira et al., 2006) provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
USGS’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program in cooperation with
Colorado State University compiled the database. A total of N =
14,127 records for over n = 2,200 species, n = 1,165
genera, and n = 249 families have been compiled for the database
from n = 967 reports, including journal papers and scientific
reports.
In this study, we focused on maximum and minimum water temperature
surviving in (°C, hereafter, max. and min. temperature). The data of
max. and min. temperature were from n = 390 and n = 440
records, respectively. Because species thermal tolerance data (maximum
lethal temperature, 5 records, thermal preference, 63 records with
various descriptions) records were very limited, we did not use these
data in our analyses in our analyses. We obtained the related geographic
factors, including maximum and minimum habitat elevation and the U.S.
state where the taxa recorded. Because of our testing for species traits
hypothesis,we also obtained the biological traits of the species,
including the mean and maximum body length (mm), functional feeding
guilds, voltinism (i.e., <1, 1, 2 and 3 year of the life
cycle), and species order of the taxa, which we obtained from the
dataset. We collected mean degree of latitude of the U.S. state where
the taxa recorded from the list of US state database
(https://www.latlong.net/category/states-236-14.html). We decided to use
a single database to summarize all variables in the same manner to
directly compare these factors to the thermal preference of the taxa.