Database and obtained data
We used “A database of lotic invertebrate traits for North America” (Vieira et al., 2006) provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program in cooperation with Colorado State University compiled the database. A total of N = 14,127 records for over n = 2,200 species, n = 1,165 genera, and n = 249 families have been compiled for the database from n = 967 reports, including journal papers and scientific reports.
In this study, we focused on maximum and minimum water temperature surviving in (°C, hereafter, max. and min. temperature). The data of max. and min. temperature were from n = 390 and n = 440 records, respectively. Because species thermal tolerance data (maximum lethal temperature, 5 records, thermal preference, 63 records with various descriptions) records were very limited, we did not use these data in our analyses in our analyses. We obtained the related geographic factors, including maximum and minimum habitat elevation and the U.S. state where the taxa recorded. Because of our testing for species traits hypothesis,we also obtained the biological traits of the species, including the mean and maximum body length (mm), functional feeding guilds, voltinism (i.e., <1, 1, 2 and 3 year of the life cycle), and species order of the taxa, which we obtained from the dataset. We collected mean degree of latitude of the U.S. state where the taxa recorded from the list of US state database (https://www.latlong.net/category/states-236-14.html). We decided to use a single database to summarize all variables in the same manner to directly compare these factors to the thermal preference of the taxa.