Sex reversal in nature
Out of 162 wild-caught adults, 152 were genotyped unambiguously (Table
1): using Method 1 we identified 89 normal males (XY), 41 normal females
(XX), and 22 sex-reversed XX males, but no male-to-female sex reversals
(Table 1). The overall XX/male ratio was 20% across wild populations,
being two times higher than in the laboratory-raised animals (Table 1).
The geographical distribution of sex reversals across capture sites is
shown in Figure S5.
Among the wild-caught adults, XX/male ratio increased significantly with
total anthropogenic land cover (Figure 1, Table 4). Similarly, XX/male
ratio increased significantly with higher ”agricultural PC scores”, and
it showed a marginally non-significant positive relationship with ”urban
PC scores” (Figure 1, Table 4). Notably, sex reversals occurred even at
the least anthropogenic sites (Figure 1), and XX/male ratio increased on
average from 12.8% to 29.3% as total anthropogenic land cover
increased from zero to 50% (Table 4).