References
Acosta-Martínez, V., Cruz, L., Sotomayor-Ramírez, D., & Pérez-Alegría, L. (2007). Enzyme activities as affected by soil properties and land use in a tropical watershed. Applied Soil Ecology, 35 (1), 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.012
Araújo, A. S. F., Cesarz, S., Leite, L. F. C., Borges, C. D., Tsai, S. M., & Eisenhauer, N. (2013). Soil microbial properties and temporal stability in degraded and restored lands of Northeast Brazil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 66 , 175-181. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.07.013
An, S. S., Huang, Y. M. & Zheng, F. L. (2009). Evaluation of soil microbial indices along a revegetation chronosequence in grassland soils on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China. Applied Soil Ecology , 41(3), 286-292.
Baddam, R., Reddy, G.B., Raczkowski, C. and Cyrus, J.S. (2016). Activity of soil enzymes in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater.Ecological engineering , 91, 24-30.
Bartkowiak, A., & Lemanowicz, J. (2017). Effect of forest fire on changes in the content of total and available forms of selected heavy metals and catalase activity in soil. Soil Science Annual, 68 (3), 140-148. doi:10.1515/ssa-2017-0017
Bergstrom, D. W., Monreal, C. M., Tomlin, A. D., Miller, J. J. (1999). Interpretation of soil enzyme activities in a comparison of tillage practices along a topographic and textural gradient. Canadian Journal of Soil Science , 80, 71-79.
Brzezińska, M., Włodarczyk, T., Stępniewski, W., Przywara, G. (2005). Soil aeration status and catalase activity. Acta Agrophysica ,5, 555-565.
Burns, R.G., DeForest, J.L., Marxsen, J., Sinsabaugh, R.L., Stromberger, M.E., Wallenstein, M.D., Weintraub, M.N., Zoppini, A. (2013). Soil enzymes in a changing environment: Current knowledge and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 58, 216-234, doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.11.009.
Caravaca, F., Alguacil, M. M., Torres, P., & Roldán, A. (2005). Plant type mediates rhizospheric microbial activities and soil aggregation in a semiarid Mediterranean salt marsh. Geoderma, 124 (3-4), 375-382. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.05.010
Chen, H. L., Zhou, J. M., & Xiao, B. H. (2010). Characterization of dissolved organic matter derived from rice straw at different stages of decay. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 10 (5), 915-922. doi:10.1007/s11368-010-0210-x
Chen, H., Shang, Z., Cai, H., & Zhu, Y. (2019). Irrigation Combined with Aeration Promoted Soil Respiration through Increasing Soil Microbes, Enzymes, and Crop Growth in Tomato Fields. Catalysts, 9 (11), 945. doi:10.3390/catal9110945
Chen, X., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Wang, J., Chen, B., Wang, D., & Guan, Q. (2016). Soil labile organic carbon and carbon-cycle enzyme activities under different thinning intensities in Chinese fir plantations.Applied Soil Ecology, 107 , 162-169. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.016
Cui, Y., Fang, L., Guo, X., Han, F., Ju, W., Ye, L., . . . Zhang, X. (2019). Natural grassland as the optimal pattern of vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions: Evidence from nutrient limitation of soil microbes. Sci Total Environ, 648 , 388-397. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.173
da Silva, D. K. A., de Oliveira Freitas, N., de Souza, R. G., da Silva, F. S. B., de Araujo, A. S. F., & Maia, L. C. (2012). Soil microbial biomass and activity under natural and regenerated forests and conventional sugarcane plantations in Brazil. Geoderma, 189-190 , 257-261. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.014
Deng, J., Chong, Y., Zhang, D., Ren, C., Zhao, F., Zhang, X., Han, X., Yang, G. (2019). Temporal Variations in Soil Enzyme Activities and Responses to Land-Use Change in the Loess Plateau, China. Applied Sciences , 9(15), 3129.
Deng, L., Wang, K., Zhu, G., Liu, Y., Chen, L., Shangguan, Z. (2018). Changes of soil carbon in five land use stages following 10 years of vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau, China. Catena ,171 , 185-192, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.014.
DuPont, S. T., Culman, S. W., Ferris, H., Buckley, D. H., & Glover, J. D. (2010). No-tillage conversion of harvested perennial grassland to annual cropland reduces root biomass, decreases active carbon stocks, and impacts soil biota. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 137 (1-2), 25-32. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.12.021
Ebhin Masto, R., Chhonkar, P. K., Singh, D., & Patra, A. K. (2006). Changes in soil biological and biochemical characteristics in a long-term field trial on a sub-tropical inceptisol. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38 (7), 1577-1582. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.11.012
García, C., Hernández, T., Costa, F. (1994). Microbial activity in soils under mediterranean environmental conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 26, 0-1191.
Ge, T., Nie, S.A., Wu, J., Shen, J., Tong, C., Huang, D., Hong, Y. and Iwasaki, K. (2011). Chemical properties, microbial biomass, and activity differ between soils of organic and conventional horticultural systems under greenhouse and open field management: a case study. Journal of Soils and Sediments , 11(1), 25-36.
Gu, Y., Wang, P., Kong, C.H. (2009). Urease, invertase, dehydrogenase and polyphenoloxidase activities in paddy soil influenced by allelopathic rice variety. European Journal of Soil Biology , 45(5/6): 436-441.
Guan, S. Y., Zhang, D. S., Zhang, Z. M. (1986). Soil enzyme and its research methods ; Agriculture ; Beijing, China, 274-297.
Guo, J., Wang, B., Wang, G., Wu, Y., Cao, F. (2018). Vertical and seasonal variations of soil carbon pools in ginkgo agroforestry systems in eastern China. Catena , 171 , 450-459, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.032.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Fifth assessment report, climate change. Synthesis report. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
Iovieno, P., Morra, L., Leone, A., Pagano, L., & Alfani, A. (2009). Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil respiration and enzyme activities of two Mediterranean horticultural soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 45 (5), 555-561. doi:10.1007/s00374-009-0365-z
Janzen, H. H., Campbell, C. A., Brandt, S. A., Lafond,G. P., Townley-Smith, L. (1992). Light-Fraction Organic Matter in Soils from Long-Term Crop Rotations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 1799.
Jha, P., De, A., Lakaria, B. L., Biswas, A. K., Singh, M., Reddy, K. S., & Rao, A. S. (2012). Soil Carbon Pools, Mineralization and Fluxes Associated with Land Use Change in Vertisols of Central India.National Academy Science Letters, 35 (6), 475-483. doi:10.1007/s40009-012-0082-2
Jiménez, C., Tejedor, M., & Rodríguez, M. (2007). Influence of land use changes on the soil temperature regime of Andosols on Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. European Journal of Soil Science, 58 (2), 445-449. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00897.x
Kannan, I., Wei, S. (2008). Soil enzyme activities in two forage systems following application of different rates of swine lagoon effluent or ammonium nitrate. Applied Soil Ecology , 38(2): 128-136.
Kimura, M., Murase, J., & Lu, Y. (2004). Carbon cycling in rice field ecosystems in the context of input, decomposition and translocation of organic materials and the fates of their end products (CO2 and CH4). Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36 (9), 1399-1416. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.03.006
Letchamo, W., Ozturk, M., Altay, V., Musayev, M., Mamedov, N., Hakeem, K. (2018). An alternative potential natural genetic resource: sea buckthorn [Elaeagnus rhamnoides (syn: Hippophae rhamnoides)] //Global Perspectives on Underutilized Crops. Springer, Cham, 25-82.
Li, J., Wu, X., Gebremikael, M.T., Wu, H., Cai, D., Wang, B., Li, B., Zhang, J., Li, Y. and Xi, J. (2018). Response of soil organic carbon fractions, microbial community composition and carbon mineralization to high-input fertilizer practices under an intensive agricultural system.PloS one , 13(4).
Li, Q.; Liang, J. H., He, Y. Y., Hu, Q. J, Yu, S. (2014). Effect of land use on soil enzyme activities at karst area in Nanchuan, Chongqing, Southwest China. Plant, Soil and Environment, 60(1), 15-20.
Lino, I. A. N., Santos, V. M., Escobar, I. E. C., Silva, D. K. A., Araújo, A. S. F., & Maia, L. C. (2015). Soil Enzymatic Activity in Eucalyptus Grandis Plantations of Different Ages. Land Degradation & Development, 27 (1), 77-82. doi:10.1002/ldr.2454
Liu, M., Chang, Q., Qi, Y., Liu, J., & Chen, T. (2014). Aggregation and soil organic carbon fractions under different land uses on the tableland of the Loess Plateau of China. Catena , 115, 19-28.
Ma, Y., Bi, Q., Li, G., Liu, X., Fu, G., Zhao, Y. and Wang, L. (2020). Provenance variations in kernel oil content, fatty acid profile and biodiesel properties of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge in northern China.Industrial Crops and Products , 151, 112487.
McLatchey, G. P., Reddy, K. R. (1998). Regulation of organic matter decomposition and nutrient release in a wetland soil. Journal of Environmental Quality , 27(5), 1268-1274.
Méndez, M. S., Martinez, M. L., Araujo, P. I., & Austin, A. T. (2019). Solar radiation exposure accelerates decomposition and biotic activity in surface litter but not soil in a semiarid woodland ecosystem in Patagonia, Argentina. Plant and Soil, 445 (1-2), 483-496. doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04325-1
Nannipieri, P., Giagnoni, L., Renella, G., Puglisi, E., Ceccanti, B., Masciandaro, G., . . . Marinari, S. (2012). Soil enzymology: classical and molecular approaches. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 48 (7), 743-762. doi:10.1007/s00374-012-0723-0
Nelson, D. W. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter.Methods of Soil Analysis , 9, 961-1010.
Nottingham, A.T., Turner, B.L., Chamberlain, P.M., Stott, A.W., Tanner, E.V. (2012). Priming and microbial nutrient limitation in lowland tropical forest soils of contrasting fertility. Biogeochemistry ,111(1-3), 219-237.
Nowak, J., Kaklewski, K. and Ligocki, M. (2004). Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 36(10), 1553-1558.
Özkan, U., Gökbulak, F. (2017). Effect of vegetation change from forest to herbaceous vegetation cover on soil moisture and temperature regimes and soil water chemistry. Catena , 149, 158-166.
Piotrowska, A.(2014). Enzymes and Soil Fertility ; OMICS eBook Group: Foster, USA, 44-79.
Prescott, C. E. (2010). Litter decomposition: what controls it and how can we alter it to sequester more carbon in forest soils?Biogeochemistry, 101 (1-3), 133-149. doi:10.1007/s10533-010-9439-0
Qi, R., Li, J., Lin, Z., Li, Z., Li, Y., Yang, X., . . . Zhao, B. (2016). Temperature effects on soil organic carbon, soil labile organic carbon fractions, and soil enzyme activities under long-term fertilization regimes. Applied Soil Ecology, 102 , 36-45. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.02.004
Qiao, Y., Miao, S., Silva, LCR., Horwath, WR. (2014). Understory species regulate litter decomposition and accumulation of C and N in forest soils: A long-term dual-isotope experiment. Forest ecology and management , 329, 318-327.
Ran, L., Lu, X., & Xu, J. (2013). Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Conservation and Sediment Loads in China: A Critical Review.Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 43 (13), 1384-1415. doi:10.1080/10643389.2011.644225
Roldán, A., Salinas-García, J. R., Alguacil, M. M., & Caravaca, F. (2005). Changes in soil enzyme activity, fertility, aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field. Applied Soil Ecology, 30 (1), 11-20. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.01.004
Ruan, C., Li, D. (2002). Function and benefit of Hippophae rhamnoides L. improving eco-environment of Loess Plateau of China. In 12th ISCO Conference , Beijing, China.
Sahoo, U. K., Singh, S. L., Gogoi, A., Kenye, A., & Sahoo, S. S. (2019). Active and passive soil organic carbon pools as affected by different land use types in Mizoram, Northeast India. PLoS One, 14 (7), e0219969. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219969
Sharma, B., Gupta, R., Sahoo, D. and Deswal, R., 2019. Purification of dual-functioning chitinases with hydrolytic and antifreeze activities from Hippophae rhamnoides seedlings. Journal of Proteins and Proteomics , 10(1), 69-81.
Simard D. G., Fyles J. W., D. Paré., & Nguyen, T. (2001). Impacts of clearcut harvesting and wildfire on soil nutrient status in the Quebec boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Soil Science ,81, 229-237.
Singh, D. K., & Kumar, S. (2008). Nitrate reductase, arginine deaminase, urease and dehydrogenase activities in natural soil (ridges with forest) and in cotton soil after acetamiprid treatments.Chemosphere, 71 (3), 412-418. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.005
Sistla, S.A., Asao, S. & Schimel, J.P. (2012). Detecting microbial N-limitation in tussock tundra soil: implications for Arctic soil organic carbon cycling. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 55, 78-84.
Sollins, P., Swanston, C., Kramer, M. (2007). Stabilization and destabilization of soil organic matter-a new focus.Biogeochemistry , 85, 1-7.
Solomon, D., Lehmann, J., Kinyangi, J., Amelung, W., Lobe, I., Pell, A., . . . SchÄFer, T. (2007). Long-term impacts of anthropogenic perturbations on dynamics and speciation of organic carbon in tropical forest and subtropical grassland ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 13 (2), 511-530. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x
Soucémarianadin, L.N., Cécillon, L., Guenet, B., Chenu, C., Baudin, F., Nicolas, M., Girardin, C. and Barré, P. (2018). Environmental factors controlling soil organic carbon stability in French forest soils.Plant and Soil , 426(1-2), 267-286.
Sun, L., Hu, T., Kim, J. H., Guo, F., Song, H., Lv, X., & Hu, H. (2014). The effect of fire disturbance on short-term soil respiration in typical forest of Greater Xing’an Range, China. Journal of Forestry Research, 25 (3), 613-620. doi:10.1007/s11676-014-0499-1
Thorburn, P. J., Meier, E. A., Collins, K., & Robertson, F. A. (2012). Changes in soil carbon sequestration, fractionation and soil fertility in response to sugarcane residue retention are site-specific. Soil and Tillage Research, 120 , 99-111. doi:10.1016/j.still.2011.11.009
Vance, E. D., Brookes, P. C., Jenkinson, D. S. (1987).An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology & Biochemistry , 19, 703-707.
Wei, E., Yang, R., Zhao, H., Wang, P., Zhao, S., Zhai, W., Zhang, Y. and Zhou, H. (2019). Microwave-assisted extraction releases the antioxidant polysaccharides from seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries.International journal of biological macromolecules , 123, 280-290.
Weintraub, M. N., Scott-Denton, L. E., Schmidt, S. K., & Monson, R. K. (2007). The effects of tree rhizodeposition on soil exoenzyme activity, dissolved organic carbon, and nutrient availability in a subalpine forest ecosystem. Oecologia, 154 (2), 327-338. doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0804-1
Xiao, Y., Huang, Z., & Lu, X. (2015). Changes of soil labile organic carbon fractions and their relation to soil microbial characteristics in four typical wetlands of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China.Ecological Engineering, 82 , 381-389. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.05.015
Xie, X., Pu, L., Wang, Q., Zhu, M., Xu, Y. and Zhang, M. (2017). Response of soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities to long-term reclamation of coastal saline soil, Eastern China.Science of the total environment , 607, 1419-1427.
Xu, X., Shi, Z., Li, D., Rey, A., Ruan, H., Craine, J. M., . . . Luo, Y. (2016). Soil properties control decomposition of soil organic carbon: Results from data-assimilation analysis. Geoderma, 262 , 235-242. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.038
Xun, L., Feng-Min, L., Da-Qian, L., & Guo-Jun, S. (2010). Soil organic carbon, carbon fractions and nutrients as affected by land use in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau of China. Pedosphere , 20(2), 146-152.
Yang, X., Wang, D., Lan, Y., Meng, J., Jiang, L., Sun, Q., Cao, D., Sun, Y. and Chen, W. (2018). Labile organic carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in a 3-year field study with biochar amendment.Journal of soils and sediments , 18(4), 1569-1578.
Yang, Y., Guo, J., Chen, G., Yin, Y., Gao, R., & Lin, C. (2009). Effects of forest conversion on soil labile organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in subtropical China. Plant and Soil, 323 (1-2), 153-162. doi:10.1007/s11104-009-9921-4
Yin, R.; Deng, H.; Wang, H. L.; Zhang, B.(2014).Vegetation type affects soil enzyme activities and microbial functional diversity following re-vegetation of a severely eroded red soil in sub-tropical China. Catena, 115, 96-103.
Zhang, X., Song, Z., Hao, Q., Wang, Y., Ding, F., & Song, A. (2019). Phytolith-Occluded Carbon Storages in Forest Litter Layers in Southern China: Implications for Evaluation of Long-Term Forest Carbon Budget.Front Plant Sci, 10 , 581. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00581
Zhang, Z.S., Li, X.R., Liu, L.C., Jia, R.L., Zhang, J.G. and Wang, T. (2009). Distribution, biomass, and dynamics of roots in a revegetated stand of Caragana korshinskii in the Tengger Desert, northwestern China.Journal of plant research , 122(1), 109-119.
Zhao, D., Li, F., & Wang, R. (2012). The effects of different urban land use patterns on soil microbial biomass nitrogen and enzyme activities in urban area of Beijing, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32 (3), 144-149. doi:10.1016/j.chnaes.2012.04.005
Zhao, S., Li, K., Zhou, W., Qiu, S., Huang, S., & He, P. (2016). Changes in soil microbial community, enzyme activities and organic matter fractions under long-term straw return in north-central China.Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 216 , 82-88. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.028
Table 1. The basic information of different vegetation types