Patients
We prospectively evaluated patients with symptoms suggestive of DHRs to NSAIDs who had been referred to the Allergy unit of the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (Málaga), Hospital Clínic (Barcelona), Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (Madrid), and Hospital Regional Universitario de Ciudad Real (Ciudad Real) for a period of 13 years (2005-2018).
Inclusion criteria. Patients ≥14 years-old confirmed as having DHRs to APs.
Exclusion criteria. Patients <14 years-old; patients in whom the allergological study was not completed and therefore diagnosis as either DHRs or tolerant to NSAIDs could not be confirmed: pregnant or breastfeeding patients; patients taking beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors or with contraindications for epinephrine administration; patients who had acute infections and/or underlying cardiac, hepatic, or renal diseases that contraindicated DPTs; subjects with psychosomatic disorders; and subjects who refused the study.