Classification
|
Picornaviridae › Enterovirus ›
Rhinovirus A/80 subtypes
Rhinovirus B/32 subtypes
Rhinovirus C/57 subtypes
|
Orthomyxoviridae › Alphainfluenzavirus › Influenza A virus
|
Coronaviridae › Orthocoronavirinae ›
Betacoronavirus › Sarbecovirus ›
SARS-CoV-2
|
Coronaviridae › Orthocoronavirinae ›
Betacoronavirus › Sarbecovirus ›
SARS-CoV-2
|
Coronaviridae › Orthocoronavirinae ›
Betacoronavirus › Sarbecovirus ›
SARS-CoV-2
|
Genome |
ssRNA positive strand linear |
ssRNA negative strand
segments |
ssRNA positive strand linear |
ssRNA positive strand linear |
ssRNA positive strand linear |
Size
|
Rhinovirus A 6.5-7.2 kb
Rhinovirus B 6.9-7.3 kb
Rhinovirus C 6.7-7.2 kb
|
13.1-13.6 kb
|
29.8 kb
|
29.6 kb
|
29.6 kb
|
Receptor
|
Rhinovirus
A: Immunoglobulin-type cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1)
B: low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)
C: Cadherin-related family and member-3 (CDHR3)
|
Sialic acid
(NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal and NeuAc alpha 2,6Gal)
DC-SIGN, L-SIGN
|
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2
(ACE2)
|
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2
(ACE2)
|
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2
(ACE2)
|
Incubation period |
2-3 days |
2-5 days |
4-7 days |
2-4 days |
2-4 days |
Local diseases
|
Rhinovirus A/B: Common cold, acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis.
Rhinovirus C: Lower respiratory tract infections, bronchiolitis and
pneumonia, wheezing and asthma exacerbations, croup
|
Pneumonia, headache, chills, dry cough, fever, myalgia, fatigue,
anorexia, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, conjunctivitis
|
Fever and chills, cough, shortness of breath/dyspnea, burnout, myalgia,
headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny
nose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
|
Runny nose, headache, fatigue, hoarseness, sneezing, sore throat, fever,
cough, loss of smell or taste
|
Runny nose, headache, fatigue, hoarseness, sneezing, sore throat, fever,
cough, loss of smell or taste
|
System diseases |
|
Viremia, myocarditis, myositis, central
nervous system symptoms (irritability, lethargy, noise, confusion,
encephalopathy, encephalitis, etc.), toxic shock syndrome, cytokine
storm, kidney failure, liver failure |
Viremia, myocarditis, myositis,
central nervous system symptoms (irritability, lethargy, noise,
confusion, encephalopathy, encephalitis, etc.), toxic shock syndrome,
cytokine storm, kidney failure, liver failure |
More focused to elderly
and risk groups, same type of diseases as in delta. Relatively low
prevalence compared to delta |
More focused to elderly and risk groups,
same type of diseases as in delta. Relatively low prevalence compared to
delta |
Risk groups
|
Babies and toddlers, chronic disease
Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies
|
Older age, chronic diseases (asthma, coronary artery disease, diabetes,
cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, Parkinson’s disease, etc.)
|
Adults 70 years and older, chronic heart disease, diabetes, obesity,
immunodeficiency transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney
disease, pregnancy
|
Adults 70 years and older, chronic heart disease, diabetes, obesity,
immunodeficiency transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney
disease, pregnancy
|
Adults 70 years and older, chronic heart disease, diabetes, obesity,
immunodeficiency transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney
disease, pregnancy
|
Mortality |
0.001% |
0.1% |
2-4% |
0.01% |
Similar to the
Omicron BA.1 wave |