Species abundance according to TAC molecular phenotypes
As previously described (14), TAC1 is characterised by the expression of immune receptors IL-33R, CCR3R and TSLPR, TAC2 by TNF- & IFN-associated genes, and TAC3 by expression of high glucose and succinate metabolism genes (Table S4 ). There was an upregulation of Tropheryma whipplei, Prevotella melaninogenica, Porphyromonas sp oral taxon 279, Prevotella histicola, Neiseirria unclassified, Veillonella unclassifiedand Veillonella atypica but downregulation of Moraxella catarrhalis in TAC1 compared to TAC2, of Haemophilus influenzaeand Tropheryma whipplei in TAC1 compared to TAC3, and inHaemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in TAC2 compared to TAC3 (Figure 3A, D ). Of note Moraxella catarrhalis was not found in the TAC1 group. By comparison to healthy controls, TAC1 which has the highest expression score for an IL-13 Th2 and an ILC-2 signatures had an excess of Haemophilus influenzaeand Tropheryma whipplei while TAC2 which had the highest expression scores for inflammasome and neutrophil activation an excess of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.