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\begin{document}

\title{Genetic diversity analysis of Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus
isolates infecting transgenic papaya `Huanong No. 1' in South China}



\author[1]{Cuiping Mo}%
\author[1]{Zilin Wu}%
\author[1]{Hengping Xie}%
\author[1]{Shuguang Zhang}%
\author[2]{Huaping Li}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[2]{South China Agricultural University}%


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  \date{May 04, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Abstract: The commercialised genetically modified papaya `Huanong No. 1'
has been utilised to successfully control the destructive virus-Papaya
ringspot virus (PRSV) in South China since 2006. However, another new
emerging virus, Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), was found
in some PRSV-resistant transgenic plants in Guangdong and Hainan
provinces through a field investigation from 2012 to 2019. The genetic
diversity of the isolates is not clear. In the present study, 20
representative isolates were selected to inoculate `Huanong No. 1', and
all of the inoculated plants showed obvious disease symptoms similar to
those in the field, indicating that PLDMV is a new threat to widely
cultivated transgenic papaya in South China. Phylogenetic analysis of
the Coat protein genes of 111 PLDMV isolates from Guangdong and Hainan
showed that PLDMV can be divided into two groups. The Japan and Taiwan
isolates belong to group I, whereas the Guangdong and Hainan isolates
belong to group II and can be further divided into two subgroups. The
Guangdong and Hainan isolates were far from the isolates of Japan and
Taiwan and belong to a new lineage. Further analysis showed that the
Guangdong and Hainan isolates had a high degree of genetic
differentiation, and no recombination was found. These isolates deviated
from neutral evolution and experienced population expansion events in
the past, which might still be unstable. The results of this study
provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the evolutionary mechanism
and population genetics of the virus and for preventing and controlling
the viral disease.%
\end{abstract}%



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