Clinical characteristics
All patients (n = 684) (100 %)
TCM (n = 18) (2.6 %) ICM (n = 496) (72.7 %) DCM (n = 170) (24.9 %)
p-Value
Age [years]; Mean ± SD 57 ± 13 60 ± 13 56 ± 14 58 ± 14 0.34
Sex [male] 495 (72.6 %) 15 (83.3 %) 356 (71.8 %) 126 (75.9 %) 0.62
Comorbidities Comorbidities Comorbidities Comorbidities Comorbidities Comorbidities
Coronary artery disease 28 (4.1 %) 2 (11.1 %) 21 (4.2 %) 5 (2.9 %) 0.58
Prior coronary artery bypass grafting 6 (0.8 %) 0 (0.0 %) 6 (1.2 %) 0 (0.0 %) 1.00
Prior percutaneous coronary intervention 16 (2.3 %) 2 (11.1 %) 12 (2.4 %) 2 (1.2 %) 0.76
History of myocardial infarction 46 (6.7 %) 0 (0.0 %) 40 (8.1 %) 6 (3.5 %) 0.34
Arterial hypertension 448 (65.7 %) 13 (72.2 %) 318 (64.1 %) 119 (70.0 %) 0.37
Diabetes mellitus 179 (26.2 %) 8 (44.4 %) 130 (26.2 %) 42 (24.7 %) 0.25
Hyperlipidemia 282 (41.3 %) 7 (38.9 %) 203 (40.9 %) 73 (42.9 %) 0.71
Peripheral artery disease 18 (2.6 %) 1 (5.6 %) 11 (2.2 %) 6 (3.5 %) 1.00
Prior transient ischemic attack or stroke 32 (4.6 %) 3 (16.7 %) 22 (4.4 %) 8 (4.7 %) 0.37
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 79 (11.6 %) 3 (16.7 %) 58 (11.7 %) 18 (10.6 %) 1.00
Clinical presentation Clinical presentation Clinical presentation Clinical presentation Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
Heart rhythm on admission
Sinus rhythm
554 (81.0 %)
2 (11.1 %)
404 (81.5 %)
148 (87.0 %)
< 0.0001
PVC
1 (0.2 %)
1 (5.6 %)
0 (0.0 %)
0 (0.0 %)
Atrial fibrillation
119 (17.4 %)
13 (72.2 %)
87 (17.5 %)
19 (11.2 %)
Atrial flutter
5 (0.7 %)
1 (5.6 %)
2 (0.4 %)
2 (1.2 %)
SVT
2 (0.3 %)
1 (5.6 %)
1 (0.2 %)
0 (0.0 %)
VT
3 (0.4 %)
0 (0.0 %)
2 (0.4 %)
1 (0.6 %)
Heart rate [beats/min] 78 ± 21 122 ± 25 78 ± 21 76 ± 14 < 0.0001
Duration of symptoms [days]; Mean ± SD 87 ± 162 21 ± 17 87 ± 169 88 ± 157 0.04
Fever 110 (16.1 %) 1 (5.6 %) 89 (17.9 %) 20 (11.8 %) 0.03
Acute coronary syndrome 166 (24.3 %) 4 (22.2 %) 122 (24.6 %) 40 (23.5 %) 1.00
CCS functional class ≥ II 297 (43.6 %) 4 (22.2 %) 224 (45.2 %) 69 (40.6 %) 0.19
NYHA functional class ≥ II 480 (70.4 %) 17 (94.4 %) 351 (70.8 %) 114 (67.1 %) 0.05
Fatigue 224 (32.8 %) 6 (33.3 %) 173 (34.9 %) 47 (27.6 %) 0.18
Pulmonary edema 76 (11.1 %) 2 (11.1 %) 60 (12.1 %) 15 (8.8 %) 0.41
Syncope 46 (6.7 %) 2 (11.1 %) 31 (6.3 %) 13 (7.6 %) 0.53
Body-mass-index [kg/m²]; Mean ± SD 28 ± 5.1 27 ± 3.4 28.6±5.3 28 ± 4.9 0.68
Blood pressure [mmHg]
systolic
134 ± 22
133 ± 22
133 ± 21.8
138 ± 23
0.02
diastolic
80 ± 12
84 ± 17
80 ± 11.4
82 ± 13
0.15
mean
97 ± 14
100 ± 19
96 ± 13.5
100 ± 15
0.004
Peripheral edema 133 (19.5 %) 6 (33.3 %) 95 (19.2 %) 33 (19.4 %) 0.30
Jugular venous distension 12 (1.8 %) 0 (0.0 %) 8 (1.6 %) 4 (2.4 %) 1.00
Rales 86 (12.6 %) 3 (16.7 %) 59 (12.1 %) 24 (14.1 %) 1.00
Heart rhythm during follow up Heart rhythm during follow up Heart rhythm during follow up Heart rhythm during follow up Heart rhythm during follow up Heart rhythm during follow up
Sinus rhythm
556 (81.5 %)
15 (83.3 %)
397 (80.1 %)
146 (85.9 %)
0.24
Atrial fibrillation
118 (17.3 %)
3 (16.7 %)
91 (18.3 %)
24 (14.1 %)
0.30
Heart rate [beats/min]
71.6 ± 20.5
72.5 ± 9.2
71.6 ± 20.3
68.3 ± 21.2
0.45
Electrical cardioversion 80 (11.7 %) 9 (50.0 %) 52 (10.5 %) 21 (12.4 %) 0.0002
Ablation 35 (5.1 %) 7 (38.9 %) 15 (3.1 %) 14 (8.2 %) 0.0002