References:
1. Thijssen VLJL, Ausma J, Liu GS, Allessie MA, van Eys GJJM, Borgers M.
Structural Changes of Atrial Myocardium During Chronic Atrial
Fibrillation. Cardiovascular Pathology 2000; 9: 17–28.
2. Casaclang-Verzosa G, Gersh BJ, Tsang TSM. Structural and functional
remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for
atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 51: 1–11.
3. Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Mikhailidis DP, Rysz J, Banach M. The mechanisms
of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism. Thyroid Res. 2009; 2: 4.
4. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the
management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016; 50: e1-e88.
5. Waks JW, Josephson ME. Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation - Reentry,
Rotors and Reality. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2014; 3: 90–100.
6. Pellman J, Sheikh F. Atrial fibrillation: mechanisms, therapeutics,
and future directions. Compr Physiol. 2015; 5: 649–665.
7. Rosso R, Kistler PM. Focal Atrial Tachycardia. Heart (British Cardiac
Society) 2010; 96 :181-185.
8. Hari KJ, Nguyen TP, Soliman EZ. Relationship between P-wave duration
and the risk of atrial fibrillation. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2018;
16: 837–843.
9. Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dorland R, Allessie MA. Atrial fibrillation
begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented
goats. Circulation 1995; 92: 1954–1968.
10. Shukla A, Curtis AB. Avoiding permanent atrial fibrillation:
treatment approaches to prevent disease progression. Vasc Health Risk
Manag. 2014; 10: 1–12.
11. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused
updates incorporated into the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the
management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the
American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2011; 123: e269-367.
12. D’Andrea A, De Corato G, Scarafile R, Romano S, Reigler L, Mita C,
Allocca F, Limongelli G, Gigantino G, Liccardo B, Cuomo S, Tagliamonte
G, Caso P, Calbrò R. Left atrial myocardial function in either
physiological or pathological left ventricular hypertrophy: a
two-dimensional speckle strain study. Br J Sports Med. 2008; 42:
696-702.
13. Nattel S, Burstein B, Dobrev D. Atrial remodeling and atrial
fibrillation: mechanisms and implications. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol.
2008; 1: 62-73.
14. Censi F, Calcagnini G, Triventi M, Mattei E, Bartolini P, Corazza I,
Boriani G. P-wave characteristics after electrical external
cardioversion: predictive indexes of relapse. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med
Biol Soc. 2010: 3442-3445.
15. Bagliani G, Michelucci A, Angeli F, Meniconi L. Atrial activation
analysis by surface P wave and multipolar esophageal recording after
cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin
Electrophysiol. 2003; 26: 1178-1188.
16. Sato T, Mitamura H, Kurita Y, Takeshita A, Shinagawa K, Miyoshi S,
Kanki H, Hara M, Takatsuki S, Soejima K, Ogawa S. Recovery of
electrophysiological parameters after conversion of atrial fibrillation.
Int J Cardiol. 2001; 79: 183-189.
17. Huxley RR, Filion KB, Konety S, Alonso A. Meta-analysis of cohort
and case-control studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of atrial
fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2011; 108: 56‐62.
18. Wang, A., Green, J. B., Halperin, J. L., & Piccini, J. P.
(2019). Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the
American College of Cardiology 2019; 74: 1107–1115.
19. Fu H, Liu C, Li J, et al. Impaired atrial electromechanical function
and atrial fibrillation promotion in alloxan-induced diabetic
rabbits. Cardiol J. 2013; 20: 59-67.
20. Li B, Pan Y, Li X. Type 2 Diabetes Induces Prolonged P-wave Duration
without Left Atrial Enlargement. J Korean Med Sci. 2016; 31: 525-534.
21. Ayhan S, Ozturk S, Alcelik A, et al. Atrial conduction time and
atrial mechanical function in patients with impaired fasting glucose. J
Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2012; 35: 247-252.
22. Huang J-C, Wei S-Y, Chen S-C, et al. P Wave Dispersion and Maximum P
Wave Duration Are Associated with Renal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney
Disease. PLoS One 2014; 9
23. Su H-M, Tsai W-C, Lin T-H, et al. P Wave Dispersion and Maximum P
Wave Duration Are Independently Associated with Rapid Renal Function
Decline. PLoS One 2012; 7
24. Burashnikov A, Di Diego JM, Sicouri S, Ferreiro M, Carlsson L,
Antzelevitch C. Atrial-selective effects of chronic amiodarone in the
management of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2008; 5: 1735-1742.
25. Sasaki N, Watanabe I, Kogawa R, Sonoda K, Takahashi K, Okumura Y,
Ohkubo K, Nakai T, Hirayama A. Effects of intravenous amiodarone and
ibutilide on action potential duration and atrial conduction kinetics in
patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Int Heart J. 2014; 55 :
244-248.
26. Cheriex EC, Krijne R, Brugada P, Heymeriks J, Wellens HJ. Lack of
clinically significant beta-blocking effect of propafenone. Eur Heart J.
1986; 8: 53-56.
27. Aytemir K, Aksoyek S, Yildirir A, Ozer N, Oto A. Prediction of
atrial fibrillation recurrence after cardioversion by P wave
signal-averaged electrocardiography. Int J Cardiol. 1999; 70: 15-21.
28. Perzanowski C, Ho AT, Jacobson AK. Increased P-wave dispersion
predicts recurrent atrial fibrillation after cardioversion. J
Electrocardiol. 2005; 38: 43-46.
29. Gonna H, Gallagher MM, Guo XH, Yap YG, Hnatkova K, Camm AJ. P-wave
abnormality predicts recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical
cardioversion: a prospective study. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol.
2014; 19: 57-62.
30. Zimmer K, Przywara W, Zyśko D, Sławuta A, Gajek J. The nature of
P-wave dispersion - A clinically useful parameter that does not exist.
Int J Cardiol. 2016; 212: 59-60.