References
1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2017. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians . Jan 2017;67(1):7-30. doi:10.3322/caac.21387
2. Sattler M, Griffin JD. Mechanisms of transformation by the BCR/ABL oncogene. International journal of hematology . Apr 2001;73(3):278-91. doi:10.1007/bf02981952
3. Roy L, Guilhot J, Martineau G, Larchee R, Guilhot F. Unexpected occurrence of second malignancies in patients treated with interferon followed by imatinib mesylate for chronic myelogenous leukemia.Leukemia . Sep 2005;19(9):1689-92. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403874
4. Sasaki K, Kantarjian HM, O’Brien S, et al. Incidence of second malignancies in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. International journal of hematology . May 2019;109(5):545-552. doi:10.1007/s12185-019-02620-2
5. Krishnan B, Morgan GJ. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma secondary to cancer chemotherapy. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology . Mar 2007;16(3):377-80. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1069
6. Pilot PR, Sablinska K, Owen S, Hatfield A. Epidemiological analysis of second primary malignancies in more than 9500 patients treated with imatinib. Leukemia . Jan 2006;20(1):148; author reply 149. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404025
7. Verma D, Kantarjian H, Strom SS, et al. Malignancies occurring during therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and other hematologic malignancies. Blood . Oct 20 2011;118(16):4353-8. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-362889
8. Shah BK, Ghimire KB. Second primary malignancies in chronic myeloid leukemia. Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion . Dec 2014;30(4):236-40. doi:10.1007/s12288-013-0328-2
9. Gunnarsson N, Stenke L, Hoglund M, et al. Second malignancies following treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era. British journal of haematology . Jun 2015;169(5):683-8. doi:10.1111/bjh.13346
10. Rodler E, Welborn J, Hatcher S, et al. Blastic mantle cell lymphoma developing concurrently in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and a review of the literature. American journal of hematology . Apr 2004;75(4):231-8. doi:10.1002/ajh.20025
11. Mihaylov G, Varbanova V, Stoeva V, Dikov T. Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma arising in chronic myeloid leukaemia successfully treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor: a case report.Hippokratia . Jul-Sep 2016;20(3):241-243.
12. Takeyasu Y, Satake A, Azuma Y, et al. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor and rituximab-CHOP treatment for concurrent chronic myeloid leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report. Clinical case reports . Dec 2017;5(12):2047-2050. doi:10.1002/ccr3.1253
13. Abuelgasim KA, Rehan H, Alsubaie M, et al. Coexistence of chronic myeloid leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with antecedent chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of medical case reports . Mar 11 2018;12(1):64. doi:10.1186/s13256-018-1612-4
14. Fujiwara SI, Shirato Y, Ikeda T, et al. Successful treatment of follicular lymphoma with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors administered for coexisting chronic myeloid leukemia.International journal of hematology . Jun 2018;107(6):712-715. doi:10.1007/s12185-017-2378-y
15. Gajendra S, Sharma A, Sharma R, Gupta SK, Sood N, Sachdev R. Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Turk patoloji dergisi . 2019;35(1):74-78. Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. doi:10.5146/tjpath.2016.01368
16. Cai Z, Liu S, Zi J, Ma J, Ge Z. A case of primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurring in chronic myeloid leukemia.OncoTargets and therapy . 2019;12:5917-5923. doi:10.2147/ott.s212838
17. Dominguez-Pinilla N, Martinez-Zamorano E, Campos-Martin Y, et al. Paediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma in a child diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukaemia. British journal of haematology . Sep 2019;186(6):e207-e209. doi:10.1111/bjh.16089
18. Fabarius A, Kalmanti L, Dietz CT, et al. Impact of unbalanced minor route versus major route karyotypes at diagnosis on prognosis of CML.Annals of hematology . Dec 2015;94(12):2015-24. doi:10.1007/s00277-015-2494-9
19. Fabarius A, Giehl M, Frank O, et al. Induction of centrosome and chromosome aberrations by imatinib in vitro. Leukemia . Sep 2005;19(9):1573-8. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403861
20. Pihan GA, Wallace J, Zhou Y, Doxsey SJ. Centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instability occur together in pre-invasive carcinomas.Cancer research . Mar 15 2003;63(6):1398-404.
21. Duan L, Grunebaum E. Hematological Malignancies Associated With Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla) . Sep 2018;194:46-59. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2018.06.011
22. Haguet H, Douxfils J, Chatelain C, Graux C, Mullier F, Dogne JM. BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Which Mechanism(s) May Explain the Risk of Thrombosis? TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis . Jan 2018;2(1):e68-e88. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1624566
23. Shannon-Lowe C, Rickinson AB, Bell AI. Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphomas. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences . Oct 19 2017;372(1732)doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0271
24. Parvaneh N, Filipovich AH, Borkhardt A. Primary immunodeficiencies predisposed to Epstein-Barr virus-driven haematological diseases.British journal of haematology . Sep 2013;162(5):573-86. doi:10.1111/bjh.12422
25. Tokuhira M, Watanabe R, Nemoto T, et al. Clinicopathological analyses in patients with other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Leukemia & lymphoma . Apr 2012;53(4):616-23. doi:10.3109/10428194.2011.625101
Figure.1 PET/CT images during the diagnosis of the high grade B-cell lymphoma.
Fused positron emission tomography showing increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the bilateral cervical and also around the pancreas head and bilateral inguinal regions.