Introduction
A novel coronavirus, named the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the WHO, was first reported in Wuhan,
China in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 causes Corona Virus Disease 2019
(COVID-19), and typical COVID-19 symptoms include dry cough, fever and
fatigue. [1,2] Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has
spread rapidly all over the world, arousing widespread concern. To date,
the viral nucleic acid test remains the main diagnostic tool used to
detect COVID-19, whereas serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin
M (IgM) antibodies can be used to detect the SARS-CoV-2
infection.[3] Laboratory examination plays a vital
role in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, wherein relevant test
indicators may provide evidence-based support for clinicians. This
article attempts to show a possible connection between matrix
metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and COVID-19.
MMP3 is an important member of a large family of matrix
metalloproteinases (MMPs) containing zinc-dependent endopeptidases.
Matrix degradation and remodeling have been recognized as the main
function of MMPs. However, subsequent studies reveal that MMPs may
participate in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as the
regulation of inflammatory and immune responses as well as cell-cell
communication, among others. Reportedly, in addition to the above
functions, MMP3 also activates other matrix metalloproteinases in the
family. [4,5] In particular, it participates in
many physiological and pathological processes that are associated with
the inflammatory process. For example, studies have confirmed that MMP3
levels may be used to monitor the activity of rheumatoid arthritis and
to predict its severity.[6,7] Recent studies have
investigated the effects of MMP3 on respiratory disorders, including
acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer.[4,8]Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on COVID-19
by demonstrating the significance of MMP3 and providing ideas for future
scientific research.