Tumour development involves processes from initiation through progression. Immunogenic transformed cells trigger immune responses, leading to cancer cell elimination via innate and adaptive immunity. This dynamic process generates antigen-specific anti-tumour immunity maintaining dormancy. However, immunoediting and cancer progression can develop poorly immunogenic cells escaping immune surveillance. Hypotheses address the link between allergies and cancers: "prophylaxis" suggests allergic symptoms reduce risk via carcinogen expulsion, "chronic inflammation" proposes inflammation-driven mutations, "immunosurveillance" defines atopy as enhanced immune responsiveness, and "Th2 skewing" argues allergic Th2 dominance promotes a pro-tumoral environment.Abb. Breg: Regulatory B cells; DC: Dendritic Cells; Eos: Eosinophils; ILC: Innate Lymphoid cells; Macro: Macrophage; NK: Natural Killer cells; Treg: Regulatory T-cells. Illustration created with « BioRender.com».