Strength of recommendation: Moderate recommendation based
on low to moderate risk of bias in qualitative
33,35,44,53,88 and observational
studies38,43,58,86,87,89.
These included AYA with both
asthma33,35,38,43,44,53,86,87,89 and food
allergy58,88.
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Other considerations: Support the family to slowly empower
the AYA to take on more self-management as appropriate to the individual
balancing autonomy and safety. Reducing control may be a challenge for
some parents.
Ask the AYA how they would like their parents/carers to be involved
throughout their transition and help them develop confidence in working
with the adult’s services18. Give AYA the chance to
raise any concerns and queries separately from their parents/ carers
respecting their confidentiality and autonomy. This may take more clinic
time.
Adherence may be improved if the family’s routines are modified to
assist AYA self-management activities43,44.
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References: Bruzzese89,
Bruzzese43, Holley33,
Koster38, Mammen53,
Naimi35, Rhee86,
Rhee87, Steensgaard58,
Stewart88, Wamboldt44.
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Encouraging AYA to let their friends know about their allergy
and asthma and how to manage emergencies may be recommended (Grade C,
Evidence level IV) |
Encouraging AYA to let their friends know
about their allergy and asthma and how to manage emergencies may be
recommended (Grade C, Evidence level IV) |
Encouraging AYA to
let their friends know about their allergy and asthma and how to manage
emergencies may be recommended (Grade C, Evidence level
IV) |
Strength of recommendation: Moderate recommendation based
on low to moderate risk of bias in qualitative32,59
and observational studies29,31,45.These included AYA
with asthma32, anaphylaxis59 and
food allergy29,31,45.
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Other considerations: Some AYA may find this difficult,
they may require support and be encouraged to initially just talk to a
few close friends.
Provide practical training in symptom’s recognition, the use of
adrenaline autoinjectors and other aspects of emergency management for
friends.
Some AYA may want to bring a friend to the clinic for support.
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References: Gallagher59,
Jones29, Jones31,
MacAdam32, Warren45.
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Promoting allergy and asthma awareness (e.g. triggers and
treatment) among peers/ co-workers and teachers/ managers to support the
AYA patient with self-management may be recommended (Grade C, Evidence
level IV) |
Promoting allergy and asthma awareness (e.g.
triggers and treatment) among peers/ co-workers and teachers/ managers
to support the AYA patient with self-management may be recommended
(Grade C, Evidence level IV) |
Promoting allergy and asthma
awareness (e.g. triggers and treatment) among peers/ co-workers and
teachers/ managers to support the AYA patient with self-management may
be recommended (Grade C, Evidence level IV) |
Strength of recommendation: Moderate recommendation as
based on low risk of bias in qualitative33,61 and one
observational study45.These included AYAs with both
asthma33 and food allergy45,61. |
Other considerations: Efforts should be made to reduce
asthma and allergy related bullying especially in
schools45,62,90 and online62. |
References: Fong90,
Gibson-Young62, Holley33,
Monks61, Warren45. |
Signposting AYA to high quality online resources about allergy
and asthma (websites, moderated forums) where they can obtain
age-appropriate information and advice may be recommended (Grade C,
Evidence level IV) |
Signposting AYA to high quality online
resources about allergy and asthma (websites, moderated forums) where
they can obtain age-appropriate information and advice may be
recommended (Grade C, Evidence level IV) |
Signposting AYA to
high quality online resources about allergy and asthma (websites,
moderated forums) where they can obtain age-appropriate information and
advice may be recommended (Grade C, Evidence level IV) |
Strength of recommendation: Moderate recommendation based
on low to moderate risk of bias qualitative33,44,59-61
and observational
studies29,31,38,45,58,62,63,87,88,91.
These included AYA with asthma33,38,44,60,62,87,88,
anaphylaxis59, allergy91 and food
allergy29,31,45,58,61,63.
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Other considerations: Patients consider online supportive
networks to be helpful.
Peer support groups may be helpful, for example, voluntary- and
community-sector organisations, such as condition specific support
groups or charities13,18. Social networks via virtual
platforms or electronic communication may be
helpful13,18. Moderation of the group is desirable to
ensure that interactions within the group are positive.
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References: Bruzzese43,
Gallagher59, Gibson-Young62,
Hullmann63, Holley33,
Jones29, Jones31,
Jonsson60, Koster38,
Monks61, Rhee87,
Stewart88, Steensgaard58,
Suorsa91, Warren45
Wombald44.
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