Fig. 1. Monocyte subsets are associated with ambient
exposure to PM2.5 levels. Demographics and clinical
characteristics of individuals enrolled in the study. Subjects were
divided into two groups according to ambient levels of
PM2.5 (A). Major monocyte markers CD14 and CD16 were
utilized to characterize classical, intermediate, and non-classical
monocytes after gating out other inflammatory cell types (B). Diffusion
maps were generated using cytofkit package to visualize the relationship
between major monocyte subsets (C). The frequency of total (D),
classical (E), intermediate (F), and non-classical (G) monocytes were
compared between children exposed to low versus high levels of
PM2.5. The statistical significance was computed using a
non-parametric Wilcoxon sum test. CM: Classical Monocyte; IM:
Intermediate Monocyte; NCM: Non-classical Monocyte