Introduction
In the end of 2019, early of 2020 unknown pneumonia caused very
contagious pathogen was reported at Wuhan City, Hubei province, China.
Novel corona virus in respiratory specimens was detected by next
generation sequencing or real-time RT-PCR methods.1Chinese scientist released the complete sequenced of the novel corona
virus (WH-Human_1) on January 10, 2020 and it is freely online
available in the Gene Bank.2 (ICTV) International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the virus severe acute
respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Later on, the World
Health Organization (WHO) was official named the novel coronavirus as
COVID-19. There are four type of corona virus: α-coronavirus (α-COV),
β-coronavirus (β-COV), δ-coronavirus (δ-COV) and γ - coronavirus
(γ-COV). This novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is belong to β-coronavirus,
which is the most cosmopolitan virus in nature. Coronavirus is an RNA
virus with single strand and about 80-120 nm in
diameter.3 Before the end of 2019, there were 6 known
coronavirus infect human and cause respiratory diseases. Of those six
corona virus 229E, OC43, NL63,HKU, SARS‐CoV-1 and MERS‐CoV; SARS-Co-V-2
(COVID-19) became the seventh human corona virus and globally pandemic
in 2020.4 The genomic sequence analysis of the novel
corona virus revealed that the genomic sequence similarity shared with
bat SARS coronavirus (SARSr-CoV-RaTG13) 96% 5 and
SARS-CoV-1 (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%). Bat may be an
important natural reservoir of the virus. Moreover, Phylogenetic
analysis and homology modelling revealed that COVID-19 had a similar
receptor-binding domain structure to that of SARS-CoV-1, despite amino
acid variation at some key residues.6,7 The
infectivity and transmission rate of COVID-19 is higher than that of
SARS and MRES coronavirus indeed its mortality rate is unknown
yet.8
Human beings are confronting a pandemic in COVID-19, due to the reason
that the virus is new human pathogen so far there are no licensed
vaccines or antibodies. Convalescence serum based therapy from fully
recovered COVID-19 patient is one of the best option for immediate
therapy. In China, at Wuhan the convalescent serum able to recovered
70% against COVID-19 patients. A scientific study from the previous
outbreak of SARS-COV-1 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
Western blot neutralization assay results confirmed that the anti‐SARS
antibodies taken from the convalescent serum enabled neutralized the
virus.9 The genomic sequence result indicated that
this new virus (SARS-COV-2) shared the same receptors with the pervious
SARS-COV-1) virus.6 Thus identify the receptor cells
and produce monoclonal antibody against COVID-19 is important. In recent
years, technology of monoclonal antibody become a powerful tool in
diagnostic and therapeutic of various human Cancer and virus including
Nipah, Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika, Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-1) and more recently novel coronavirus or
SARS-CoV-2).10 11The relationship
between the ABO Blood group and the COVID-19 susceptibility was
reported.12 This has relationship with the antibody
found in plasma, which indicated that the natural antibody found in the
blood plasma could inhibit the interaction of the virus to its host
receptor cell entry gate.13 In this article, we
suggests that convalescent serum from fully recovered COVID-19 patients
as an immediate therapy can aligned with ABO blood group COVID-19
non-susceptible ( lower risk) individuals. Most importantly, identify
the immunogenic parts of the new pathogen (COVID-19) would lead to
produce effective monoclonal antibody and vaccine.