ABO blood group antibody Inhibition the SARS Corona virus interaction with ACE2 host receptors cells as a potential for treatment and vaccine development against COVID-19
Susceptibility of peoples by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has influenced by various factors. In recently, age and gender was considered as a risk factor for susceptibility of COVID-19. Elderly peoples, male and patients with pre-exiting severe diseases are reported as vulnerable group by COVID-19.1,26 ABO blood group genetic factors shown significant effect on the peoples susceptibility by COVID-19.12 From the previous study, the association of ABO blood group and susceptibility to the Hepatitis B Hepatitis C, HIV and SARS-CoV-1 viruses were reported.27,28 The ABO blood types that discovered by KarlĀ Landsteiner are determined based on the carbohydrate epitopes which presents on the surface of the human erythrocytes.12 Studies reported form USA and in recently from China, Wuhan from the 4 main blood groups A, B, AB and O, group O is the most common one.12,29 In 2003 SARS CoV-1 outbreak, the O blood group individuals were shown to have very low infections as compared to non-O individuals. This is due the ABO gene effect on the virus protection.28 Surprisingly in the same fashion, the recent study in China, Wuhan revealed that the People with blood group A have a significantly higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 compared with non-A blood groups, whereas blood group O has a significantly lower risk for the infection compared with non-O blood groups.12 The major reason was due to the secret potential natural antibody found in the blood group O individuals could block the virus spiked protein interaction with the host angiotensin-converting enzyme at the entry gate.13Moreover, blood group O has shown less risk of infection with Hepatitis B and HIV virus whereas group A are more prone to get Hepatitis B and HIV virus. This might be the blood group O has the natural immune potential in in protecting against blood-transmitted infection. Further genetic based detail studies are needed.27
Table 1 . ABO blood group antigen in blood cells and antibody in plasma compatibility