REFERENCES
1. Beers MH. Explicit criteria for determining potentially inappropriate
medication use by the elderly: An update. Arch Intern Med .
1997;157(14):1531-1536. doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440350031003
2. Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, Waller JL, Maclean JR, Beers MH.
Updating the Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use
in Older Adults: Results of a US Consensus Panel of Experts. Arch
Intern Med . 2003;163(22):2716-2724. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716
3. Fick DM, Semla TP, Beizer J, et al. American Geriatrics Society
updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in
older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc . 2012;60(4):616-631.
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03923.x
4. Fick DM, Semla TP, Beizer J, Brandt N, Dombrowski R. American
Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially
Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc .
2015;63(11):2227-2246. doi:10.1111/jgs.13702
5. Fick DM, Semla TP, Steinman M, et al. American Geriatrics Society
2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication
Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc . 2019;67(4):674-694.
doi:10.1111/jgs.15767
6. Page RL, Linnebur SA, Bryant LL, Ruscin JM. Inappropriate prescribing
in the hospitalized elderly patient: Defining the problem, evaluation
tools, and possible solutions. Clin Interv Aging . 2010;5:75.
doi:10.2147/cia.s9564
7. Stuck AE, Beers MH, Steiner A, Aronow HU, Rubenstein LZ, Beck JC.
Inappropriate Medication Use in Community-Residing Older Persons.Arch Intern Med . 1994;154(19):2195-2200.
doi:10.1001/archinte.1994.00420190095011
8. Jhaveri BN, Patel TK, Barvaliya MJ, Tripathi C. Utilization of
potentially inappropriate medications in elderly patients in a tertiary
care teaching hospital in India. Perspect Clin Res .
2014;5(4):184-189. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.140562
9. Bahat G, Tufan F, Bahat Z, et al. Comorbidities, polypharmacy,
functionality and nutritional status in Turkish community-dwelling
female elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res . 2014;26(3):255-259.
doi:10.1007/s40520-014-0229-8
10. Stockl KM, Le L, Zhang S, Harada AS. Clinical and economic outcomes
associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing in the elderly.Am J Manag Care . 2010;16(1):e1-10.
11. Fick DM, Mion LC, Beers MH, Waller JL. Health outcomes associated
with potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Res
Nurs Heal . 2008;31(1):42-51. doi:10.1002/nur.20232
12. Keith SW, Maio V, Dudash K, Templin M, Del Canale S. A
physician-focused intervention to reduce potentially inappropriate
medication prescribing in older people: A 3-year, Italian, prospective,
proof-of-concept study. Drugs and Aging . 2013;30:119-127.
doi:10.1007/s40266-012-0043-y
13. Gupta S, Rappaport HM, Bennett LT. Inappropriate drug prescribing
and related outcomes for elderly Medicaid beneficiaries residing in
nursing homes. Clin Ther . 1996;18(1):183-196.
doi:10.1016/S0149-2918(96)80189-5
14. Kaur S, Mitchell G, Vitetta L, Roberts MS, Gallagher P.
Interventions that can Reduce Inappropriate Prescribing in the Elderly:
A Systematic Review. Drugs and Aging . 2009;26(12):1013-1028.
doi:10.2165/11318890-000000000-00000
15. Rankin A, Cadogan C, Patterson S, et al. Interventions to improve
the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev . 2018;(9). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008165.pub4
16. Tannenbaum C, Martin P, Tamblyn R, Benedetti A, Ahmed S. Reduction
of inappropriate benzodiazepine prescriptions among older adults through
direct patient education: The EMPOWER cluster randomized trial.JAMA Intern Med . 2014;174(6):890-898.
doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.949
17. Yan MM, Wu SS, Ying YQ, Lu N, Zhong MK. Safety assessment of
concurrent statin treatment and evaluation of drug interactions in
China. SAGE Open Med . 2018;6:1-9. doi:10.1177/2050312118798278
18. World Health Organization. International Statistical
Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision
(ICD-10) .; 2016.
19. Ishii S, Kojima T, Ezawa K, et al. The association of change in
medication regimen and use of inappropriate medication based on beers
criteria with adverse outcomes in Japanese long-term care facilities.Geriatr Gerontol Int . 2017;17:591-597. doi:10.1111/ggi.12761
20. Brown JD, Hutchison LC, Li C, Painter JT, Martin BC. Predictive
Validity of the Beers and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Potentially
Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) Criteria to Detect Adverse Drug
Events, Hospitalizations, and Emergency Department Visits in the United
States. J Am Geriatr Soc . 2016;64(1):22-30. doi:10.1111/jgs.13884
21. Bahat G, Bay I, Tufan A, Tufan F, Kilic C, Karan MA. Prevalence of
potentially inappropriate prescribing among older adults: A comparison
of the Beers 2012 and Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions
criteria version 2. Geriatr Gerontol Int . 2017;17(9):1245-1251.
doi:10.1111/ggi.12850
22. Lam MPS, Cheung BMY, Wong ICK. Prevalence of Potentially
Inappropriate Prescribing Among Hong Kong Older Adults: A Comparison of
the Beers 2003, Beers 2012, and Screening Tool of Older Person’s
Prescriptions and Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment
Criteria. J Am Geriatr Soc . 2015;63(7):1471-1472.
doi:10.1111/jgs.13555
23. Hudhra K, Beçi E, Petrela E, Xhafaj D, García-Caballos M,
Bueno-Cavanillas A. Prevalence and factors associated with potentially
inappropriate prescriptions among older patients at hospital discharge.J Eval Clin Pract . 2016;22(5):707-713. doi:10.1111/jep.12521
24. Liu CL, Peng LN, Chen YT, Lin MH, Liu LK, Chen LK. Potentially
inappropriate prescribing (IP) for elderly medical inpatients in Taiwan:
A hospital-based study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr .
2012;55(1):148-151. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.07.001
25. Herings RMC, Stricker BHC, Boer A, Bakker A, Sturmans F.
Benzodiazepines and the Risk of Falling Leading to Femur Fractures:
Dosage More Important Than Elimination Half-life. Arch Intern
Med . 1995;155(16):1801-1807. doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430160149015
26. Wang PS, Schneeweiss S, Avorn J, et al. Risk of Death in Elderly
Users of Conventional vs. Atypical Antipsychotic Medications. N
Engl J Med . 2005;353(22):2335-2341. doi:10.1056/nejmoa052827
27. Panneman MJM, Goettsch WG, Kramarz P, Herings RMC. The costs of
benzodiazepine-associated hospital-treated fall injuries in the EU: A
pharmo study. Drugs and Aging . 2003;20(11):833-839.
doi:10.2165/00002512-200320110-00004
Figure 1. One-year period prevalence of PIMs in terms of age groups and
sex in 2017.