Constipation Constipation Non-constipation Non-constipation
N No. of asthma N No. of asthma HR (95% C.I.) p value
Age
<20 13276 1429 13395 821 1.85 (1.69-2.01) <0.001
20-39 25192 1019 25115 532 2.04 (1.84-2.26) <0.001
40-64 24699 1668 24207 1053 1.70 (1.57-1.83) <0.001
≥65 19254 2506 19704 1334 2.02 (1.89-2.16) <0.001
Gender
Female 56360 3980 56405 2272 1.86 (1.77-1.96) <0.001
Male 26061 2642 26016 1468 1.92 (1.80-2.04) <0.001
Hypertension
No 70209 5193 70132 2926 1.89 (1.81-1.98) <0.001
Yes 12212 1429 12289 814 1.84 (1.69-2.01) <0.001
Hyperlipidemia
No 78737 6308 78758 3537 1.90 (1.82-1.98) <0.001
Yes 3684 314 3663 203 1.61 (1.35-1.92) <0.001
Chronic liver disease Chronic liver disease
No 80312 6401 80377 3627 1.88 (1.80-1.96) <0.001
Yes 2109 221 2044 113 1.95 (1.55-2.44) <0.001
Chronic kidney disease Chronic kidney disease
No 81863 6571 81797 3712 1.88 (1.81-1.96) <0.001
Yes 558 51 624 28 1.94 (1.23-3.08) 0.005
Diabetes
No 76865 6084 76979 3442 1.89 (1.81-1.97) <0.001
Yes 5556 538 5442 298 1.80 (1.56-2.07) <0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No 81047 6261 81084 3533 1.89 (1.81-1.97) <0.001
Yes 1374 361 1337 207 1.76 (1.48-2.08) <0.001
Autoimmune disease Autoimmune disease
No 81850 6554 81852 3704 1.88 (1.81-1.96) <0.001
Yes 571 68 569 36 1.99 (1.33-2.98) <0.001
Corticosteroids
No 67566 5547 67625 2939 2.01 (1.92-2.10) <0.001
Yes 14855 1075 14796 801 1.39 (1.26-1.52) <0.001
Antihistamines
No 30680 2836 30559 1314 2.33 (2.19-2.49) <0.001
Yes 51741 3786 51862 2426 1.63 (1.55-1.72) <0.001