No. of asthma PY ID Univariate Multivariate
HR (95% C.I.) p value HR (95% C.I.) p value
Group
Non-constipation 3740 662847 5.6 1 1
Constipation 6622 610672 10.8 1.88 (1.81-1.96) <0.001 1.91 (1.84-1.99) <0.001
Age
<20 2250 249050 9.0 1 1
20-39 1551 410253 3.8 0.40 (0.37-0.42) <0.001 0.37 (0.35-0.40) <0.001
40-64 2721 377274 7.2 0.75 (0.71-0.80) <0.001 0.68 (0.64-0.72) <0.001
≥65 3840 236941 16.2 1.60 (1.52-1.69) <0.001 1.31 (1.23-1.39) <0.001
Gender
Female 6252 903955 6.9 1 1
Male 4110 369563 11.1 1.57 (1.51-1.63) <0.001 1.17 (1.12-1.22) <0.001
Hypertension 2243 145764 15.4 1.98 (1.89-2.07) <0.001 1.22 (1.15-1.29) <0.001
Hyperlipidemia 517 43009 12.0 1.37 (1.25-1.50) <0.001 0.91 (0.82-0.99) 0.037
Chronic liver disease 334 26518 12.6 1.50 (1.35-1.68) <0.001 1.21 (1.09-1.36) <0.001
Chronic kidney disease 79 5131 15.4 1.65 (1.32-2.06) <0.001 1.06 (0.85-1.32) 0.624
Diabetes 836 61790 13.5 1.57 (1.46-1.69) <0.001 0.96 (0.89-1.03) 0.273
COPD 568 12955 43.8 5.16 (4.74-5.61) <0.001 3.21 (2.94-3.50) <0.001
Autoimmune disease 104 7533 13.8 1.63 (1.35-1.98) <0.001 1.42 (1.17-1.73) <0.001
Corticosteroids 1876 250654 7.5 0.93 (0.89-0.98) 0.007 0.80 (0.76-0.84) <0.001
Antihistamines 6212 915347 6.8 0.65 (0.62-0.68) <0.001 0.61 (0.59-0.64) <0.001