Prevalence of H10-H12 subtypes in wild birds in Shanghai
During 2016-2019, 6,944 samples of throat and anal swabs from health wild birds were collected in Shanghai, China. 11.36% samples were tested positive for AIVs as assessed using qRT-PCR method. Among these positive samples, 12 H10-H12 subtypes were determined, including 2 H10 subtypes, 3 H11 subtypes and 7 H12 subtypes. Of these 12 viruses, one H11 virus was isolated from Gruiformes and designed as A/Eurasian coot/Shanghai/PD112440/2016 (H11N9, abbreviated as PD112440-H11N9), while the remaining 11 strains were isolated from Anseriformes, which were named as A/common teal/Shanghai/JDS120613/2018 (JDS120613-H10N4), A/mallard/Shanghai/JDS120662/2018 (JDS120662-H10N4), A/common teal/Shanghai/PD112452/2016 (PD112452-H11Nx), A/Eurasian wigeon/Shanghai/NH101834/2017 (NH101834-H11N2), A/common teal/Shanghai/NH101807/2017 (NH101807-H12N2), A/mallard/Shanghai/JDS110851/2017 (JDS110851-H12N5), A/common teal/Shanghai/NH102615/2018 (NH102615-H12N2), A/common teal/Shanghai/NH110165/2018 (NH110165-H12N2), A/common teal/Shanghai/NH112319/2018 (NH112319-H12N2), A/mallard/Shanghai/NH011204/2018 (NH011204-H12N5), and A/common teal/Shanghai/ JDS110203/2019 (JDS110203-H12N8), respectively. The full genomes of these 12 strains were sequenced and these sequences have been deposited in GenBank database, and their accession numbers were indicated in Table 1.