Acknowledgments
We appreciate the collaboration and the support from Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and the research Unit ESV-GAB at the Centre International de Rrecherches médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) in Gabon, and Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) in Kenya during the fieldwork. We are grateful to all the field assistants and scientists in the field, especially Nil Rahola and Marc F. Ngangue in La Lopé and Rotich Gilbert in Rabai. In addition, we thank Andrew Goodman and his lab for providing primers for bacterial amplicon sequencing and helpful guidance in library preparation. We also thank Nanxi Lu for the instructions on bioinformatic analysis of the sequencing results. We received a lot of technical support and training from the Yale Center for Genome Analysis (YCGA) on Illumina sequencing, from the West Campus Analytic Core on GC-MS, and from the Yale West Campus Imaging Core on fluorescent microscopes, and we are grateful for all the support. The design of the laboratory experiments benefited greatly from the helpful discussions with Luciano Cosme, Ryan Joseph, and Lisa Baik. We appreciate all the useful discussions, suggestions, and feedback from Gisella Caccone, Tom Chiodo, Benjamin Evans, Stephen Gaughran, Andrea Gloria-Soria, Evelyn Jensen, Panagiota Kotsakiozi, Joshua Miller, Evlyn Pless, Maud Quinzin, Norah Saarman, Samuel Snow, and John Soghigian. We also want to thank members of the McBride lab at Princeton University for valuable feedback and discussions, and we are grateful for the advice and guidance from Stephen Stearns, John Carlson, and Alvaro Sanchez. Lastly, we thank the advice and comments from the editor and the reviewers that improved this manuscript.
This work was supported by NIH RO1 AI101112 to JRP and YIBS Small Grants Program, Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Awards to SX.