b) Estimation of ungulate species across study sites
Individual density of all the species was calculated using Distance program version 6.2 (Thomas et al., 2010). We first examined the data from both sites for each species separately. Following this, the species observations at distances beyond which sightings were almost none was dropped or observations were binned to achieve model fit. Akaike Information Criterion and goodness-of-fit (GOF-p) tests were used to judge and the fit of the model. Based on the selected model, individual density (\(\ \hat{\text{Di\ }}\)) and estimates of group density (\(\hat{\text{Dg}}\)) were derived for each species.