References
1. Bonini S, Bonini S, Lambiase A, Marchi S, Pasqualetti P, Zuccaro O,
et al. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis revisited: a case series of 195
patients with long-term followup. Ophthalmology 2000; 107:1157-63.
2. Sacchetti M, Abicca I, Bruscolini A, Cavaliere C, Nebbioso M,
Lambiase A. Allergic conjunctivitis: current concepts on pathogenesis
and management. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2018; 32:49-60.
3. Sacchetti M, Lambiase A, Mantelli F, Deligianni V, Leonardi A, Bonini
S. Tailored approach to the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Ophthalmology 2010; 117:1294-9.
4. Bonini S, Sacchetti M, Mantelli F, Lambiase A. Clinical grading of
vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;
7:436-41.
5. Sacchetti M, Baiardini I, Lambiase A, Aronni S, Fassio O, Gramiccioni
C, et al. Development and testing of the quality of life in children
with vernal keratoconjunctivitis questionnaire. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;
144:557-63.
6. Bonini S, Lambiase A, Sgrulletta R, Bonini S. Allergic chronic
inflammation of the ocular surface in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Curr
Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 3:381-7.
7. Maggi E, Biswas P, Del Prete G, Parronchi P, Macchia D, Simonelli C,
et al. Accumulation of Th-2-like helper T cells in the conjunctiva of
patients with vernal conjunctivitis. J Immunol 1991; 146:1169-74.
8. Lambiase A, Micera A, Sacchetti M, Mantelli F, Bonini S. Toll-like
receptors in ocular surface diseases: overview and new findings. Clin
Sci (Lond) 2011; 120:441-50.
9. Micera A, Stampachiacchiere B, Normando EM, Lambiase A, Bonini S,
Bonini S. Nerve growth factor modulates toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 9
expression in cultured primary VKC conjunctival epithelial cells. Mol
Vis 2009; 15:2037-44.
10. Bonini S, Micera A, Iovieno A, Lambiase A, Bonini S. Expression of
Toll-like receptors in healthy and allergic conjunctiva. Ophthalmology
2005; 112:1528; discussion 48-9.
11. Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins
linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:675-80.
12. Baumann CL, Aspalter IM, Sharif O, Pichlmair A, Bluml S, Grebien F,
et al. CD14 is a coreceptor of Toll-like receptors 7 and 9. J Exp Med
2010; 207:2689-701.
13. Verhasselt V, Buelens C, Willems F, De Groote D, Haeffner-Cavaillon
N, Goldman M. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates the production of
cytokines and the expression of costimulatory molecules by human
peripheral blood dendritic cells: evidence for a soluble CD14-dependent
pathway. J Immunol 1997; 158:2919-25.
14. Schumann RR. Function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein
(LBP) and CD14, the receptor for LPS/LBP complexes: a short review. Res
Immunol 1992; 143:11-5.
15. Vercelli D, Baldini M, Stern D, Lohman IC, Halonen M, Martinez F.
CD14: a bridge between innate immunity and adaptive IgE responses. J
Endotoxin Res 2001; 7:45-8.
16. Baldini M, Vercelli D, Martinez FD. CD14: an example of gene by
environment interaction in allergic disease. Allergy 2002; 57:188-92.
17. Leung TF, Tang NL, Wong GW, Fok TF. CD14 and toll-like receptors:
potential contribution of genetic factors and mechanisms to inflammation
and allergy. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2005; 4:169-75.
18. Chung SH, Choi SH, Cho KJ, Joo CK. Toll-like receptor 4 signalling
attenuates experimental allergic conjunctivitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011;
164:275-81.
19. Blais DR, Vascotto SG, Griffith M, Altosaar I. LBP and CD14 secreted
in tears by the lacrimal glands modulate the LPS response of corneal
epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:4235-44.
20. Zicari AM, Capata G, Nebbioso M, De Castro G, Midulla F, Leonardi L,
et al. Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: an update focused on clinical
grading system. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:64.
21. Wolffsohn JS, Arita R, Chalmers R, Djalilian A, Dogru M, Dumbleton
K, et al. TFOS DEWS II Diagnostic Methodology report. Ocul Surf 2017;
15:539-74.
22. Sacchetti M, Micera A, Lambiase A, Speranza S, Mantelli F, Petrachi
G, et al. Tear levels of neuropeptides increase after specific allergen
challenge in allergic conjunctivitis. Mol Vis 2011; 17:47-52.
23. Sacchetti M, Lambiase A, Cortes M, Sgrulletta R, Bonini S, Merlo D,
et al. Clinical and cytological findings in limbal stem cell deficiency.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005; 243:870-6.
24. Sacchetti M, Segatto M, Bruscolini A, Abicca I, Cavaliere C,
Lambiase A. Changes of NGF pathway in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: A
conjunctival allergen challenge study. Allergy 2019; 74:605-7.
25. da Rocha JT, Trapani L, Segatto M, La Rosa P, Nogueira CW, Zeni G,
et al. Molecular effects of diphenyl diselenide on cholesterol and
glucose cell metabolism. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:4426-34.
26. Lodrup Carlsen KC, Granum B. Soluble CD14: role in atopic disease
and recurrent infections, including otitis media. Curr Allergy Asthma
Rep 2007; 7:436-43.
27. Macatonia SE, Hosken NA, Litton M, Vieira P, Hsieh CS, Culpepper JA,
et al. Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1
cells from naive CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 1995; 154:5071-9.
28. Ulevitch RJ, Tobias PS. Receptor-dependent mechanisms of cell
stimulation by bacterial endotoxin. Annu Rev Immunol 1995; 13:437-57.
29. Martinez FD. CD14, endotoxin, and asthma risk: actions and
interactions. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2007; 4:221-5.
30. Rey Nores JE, Bensussan A, Vita N, Stelter F, Arias MA, Jones M, et
al. Soluble CD14 acts as a negative regulator of human T cell activation
and function. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:265-76.
31. Baldini M, Lohman IC, Halonen M, Erickson RP, Holt PG, Martinez FD.
A Polymorphism* in the 5’ flanking region of the CD14 gene is associated
with circulating soluble CD14 levels and with total serum immunoglobulin
E. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 20:976-83.
32. Arias MA, Rey Nores JE, Vita N, Stelter F, Borysiewicz LK, Ferrara
P, et al. Cutting edge: human B cell function is regulated by
interaction with soluble CD14: opposite effects on IgG1 and IgE
production. J Immunol 2000; 164:3480-6.
33. Martin AC, Laing IA, Khoo SK, Zhang G, Rueter K, Teoh L, et al.
Acute asthma in children: Relationships among CD14 and CC16 genotypes,
plasma levels, and severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:617-22.
34. Zhou T, Huang X, Ma J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Xiao L, et al. Association of
plasma soluble CD14 level with asthma severity in adults: a case control
study in China. Respir Res 2019; 20:19.
35. Leonardi A, Sathe S, Bortolotti M, Beaton A, Sack R. Cytokines,
matrix metalloproteases, angiogenic and growth factors in tears of
normal subjects and vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Allergy 2009;
64:710-7.
36. Landmann R, Fisscher AE, Obrecht JP. Interferon-gamma and
interleukin-4 down-regulate soluble CD14 release in human monocytes and
macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 1992; 52:323-30.
37. Cosentino G, Soprana E, Thienes CP, Siccardi AG, Viale G, Vercelli
D. IL-13 down-regulates CD14 expression and TNF-alpha secretion in
normal human monocytes. J Immunol 1995; 155:3145-51.
38. Wang ZR, Wang Q, Sui Y, Zhang ZL, Jia FJ, Fan J, et al.
Dexamethasone alleviates allergic asthma immature rat through Toll like
receptor 4. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22:184-9.
39. Lauriello M, Micera A, Muzi P, Di Rienzo Businco L, Bonini S. TLR4
and TLR9 Expression in Different Phenotypes of Rhinitis. Int J
Otolaryngol 2012; 2012:925164.
40. Bergougnan C, Dittlein DC, Hummer E, Riepl R, Eisenbart S, Bock D,
et al. Physical and immunological barrier of human primary nasal
epithelial cells from non-allergic and allergic donors. World Allergy
Organ J 2020; 13:100109.
41. Volpi C, Fallarino F, Pallotta MT, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Belladonna
ML, et al. High doses of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate a
tolerogenic TLR9-TRIF pathway. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1852.
42. Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov
R. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is
required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 2004; 118:229-41.
43. Rodriguez D, Keller AC, Faquim-Mauro EL, de Macedo MS, Cunha FQ,
Lefort J, et al. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide signaling through
Toll-like receptor 4 suppresses asthma-like responses via nitric oxide
synthase 2 activity. J Immunol 2003; 171:1001-8.
44. Dabbagh K, Dahl ME, Stepick-Biek P, Lewis DB. Toll-like receptor 4
is required for optimal development of Th2 immune responses: role of
dendritic cells. J Immunol 2002; 168:4524-30.
45. Iovieno A, Lambiase A, Sacchetti M, Stampachiacchiere B, Micera A,
Bonini S. Preliminary evidence of the efficacy of probiotic eye-drop
treatment in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Graefes Arch
Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008; 246:435-41.