No abstract - Ist paragraph of the article A species’ ecological significance remains same whether it is found inside or outside a protected area (PA) then why the PAs are obligatory guarantor to maintain the biodiversity within their boundaries (Gascon et al. 2015)? Despite an increase in the number of PAs, connectivity is generally poor between and amongst the PAs, over 60% of PAs are too small to support major ecologically important and migratory species and eventually biodiversity is falling across the board (Coad et al. 2019). The PA approach, which was developed in the 20th century has been widely recognised as one of the most important strategies for achieving conservation goals (Shafer 2015). However, in the 21st century, it appears that PA based conservation approach has almost reached its practical and political limits (Coad et al. 2019; Shafer 2015) . Over the previous 1.5 century, the role of PAs was explored and expanded and both success and failures have been spectacular(Shafer 2015; Kalamandeen & Gillson 2007; Butchart et al. 2010; Watson et al. 2014). Most of the PAs were established for the primary goal of conservation and later sustainable growth have now stretched to contribute towards livelihood, poverty reduction and national development (Shafer 2015). Over 202,000 PAs worldwide, cover almost 15% of planet’s surface under some practice of protection (Terraube et al. 2020). Moreover, substantial wildlife exists outside the PAs, where exact estimates are not available due to insufficient monitoring efforts (Cox & Underwood 2011; McCleery et al. 2020).