Diagnosis, Treatment, and medicine
The basic ways to the diagnosis of COVID-19 are that a case from the
infected area, or suspected patient and the types of information have
had from the past of history, and to approach the infection diagnosis we
have some scientific tests will help to identify the infection such as
CT imaging findings, and laboratory tests like (reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] tests on
respiratory tract specimens) according to standards of either
the WHO (2020a) or the National Health Commission of China (2020a). The
meaning of a single negative RT-PCR test result from suspected patients
is that the patient does not exclude infection. Because of some
epidemiological history problems we should inform that the case may be
awareness, and also if the suspected case with COVID-19 symptoms will be
the way to obtain the result and also another way to diagnose is that
the patient with the positive CT imaging results. And if not there has
been no evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend any
specific anti-nCoV treatment, so the management of COVID-19 has been
largely supportive (WHO 2020a).
First of all, to treatment, Mild illnesses should be treated at home
while maintaining the ill person’s body hydrated, controlling fever and
cough, consuming nutrition, and using antibiotics regularly. It was
suggested by China Oseltamivir Guidelines to avoid antivirals in
short-term treatment; also, corticosteroids could be used in acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) COVID-19. The WHO has published a
detailed guide for critical care management, which could be updated
according to new findings. There is no fully approved therapy for COVID-
19 yet, although researches are still ongoing. Antiviral drugs, for
example, ribavirin and lopinavir/ritonavir, ( Del Rio and Malani 2020).
were found beneficial based on the experience from SARS and MERS. Before
recommending these drugs, we need more evidence. Further medicines are
suggested for pro treatments, such as chloroquine, arbidol, intravenous
immunoglobulin, plasma, and interferon. in addition to using traditional
Chinese herbs. Grein et al. conducted a study of using redeliver on 53
patients who received at least one dose of the medication(Amin, Florez,
et al. 2018). 30 patients, 57% of the total number, needed mechanical
ventilation, and 4 patients (8%) have treated with extracorporeal
membrane oxygenation. The follow-up period was 18 days, where 36
patients (68%) experienced an increase in oxygen support, including 17
among 30 patients (57%) who received intubated mechanical ventilation.
It was reported that 25 patients (47%) have successfully recovered, and
seven patients (13%), unfortunately, died. Death cases were 18% (6 out
of 34) among patients who received invasive ventilation and 5% (1 of
19) among those who did not obtain invasive ventilation. In a study by
Shen et al. about administrating blood plasma therapy obtained from
COVID-19 patients who had recovered, 5 patients received mechanics
ventilation. After treated with plasma transfusion, body temperature
became normal in 3 days for 4 out of the 5 patients, sequential organ
failure assessment (SOFA) scores decreased, and PAO2 / FIO increased in
12 days (range: 172-276 before and 284-366 after). Viral load also
decreased and became negative within 12 days after the transfusion. From
this achievement of their clinical findings, it can be concluded that
the administration of plasma is quite effective, but because the sample
is limited, further clinical trials are needed with larger sample size.
(Chen, Xiong et al. 2020)