|
All patients
(n=100)
|
1. Non-ACZ group
(n=5)
|
2. ACZ group
(n=95)
|
P value
(1 vs 2)
|
Male, n (%) |
66 (66%) |
3 (60%) |
63 (66%) |
0.7714 |
Age (year) |
67.9±9.9 |
63.6±11.4 |
68.1±9.8 |
0.3269 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
25.2±3.9 |
21.1±2.0 |
25.4±3.9 |
0.0166 |
Body surface area (m2) |
1.7±0.2 |
1.6±0.2 |
1.8±0.2 |
0.0947 |
Non-paroxysmal AF, n (%) |
49 (49%) |
0 (0%) |
49 (52%) |
0.0245 |
Hypertension, n (%) |
64 (64%) |
1 (20%) |
63 (66%) |
0.0355 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
19 (19%) |
0 (0%) |
19 (20%) |
0.5801 |
Prior stroke/TIA, n (%) |
12 (12%) |
1 (20%) |
11 (12%) |
0.5722 |
CHADS2 score |
1.6±1.2 |
0.8±1.8 |
1.6±1.2 |
0.1418 |
Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) |
120±146 |
50±51 |
125±148 |
0.2679 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.98±0.86 |
0.99±0.46 |
0.98±0.88 |
0.9745 |
Medication therapy |
|
|
|
|
Beta blocker, n (%) |
50 (50%) |
1 (20%) |
49 (52%) |
0.1687 |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%) |
5 (5%) |
0 (0%) |
5
(5%) |
0.5987 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker, n (%) |
39 (39%) |
1 (20%) |
38 (40%) |
0.3715 |
Calcium blocker, n (%) |
39 (39%) |
1 (20%) |
38 (40%) |
0.3715 |
Statin, n (%) |
37 (37%) |
0 (0%) |
37 (39%) |
0.787 |
Antiplatelet, n (%) |
13 (13%) |
0 (0%) |
13 (14%) |
0.3752 |
Direct oral anticoagulant, n (%) |
94 (94%) |
4 (80%) |
90 (95%) |
0.1762 |
Antiarrhythmic drug, n (%) |
35 (35%) |
2 (40%) |
33 (35%) |
0.8099 |
Echocardiographic findings |
|
|
|
|
LA diameter (mm) |
43±7 |
34±5 |
44±6 |
0.0011 |
LA diameter/Body surface area (cm/m2) |
2.5±0.4 |
2.1±0.3 |
2.5±0.4 |
0.0429 |
E wave (cm/s) |
77±22 |
67±16 |
78±22 |
0.3003 |
Deceleration time (ms) |
182±53 |
199±29 |
181±54 |
0.4714 |
LV diameter during end diastole (mm) |
49±5 |
46±4 |
49±5 |
0.1612 |
LV hypertrophy, n (%) |
14 (14%) |
0 (0%) |
14 (15%) |
0.3546 |
LV ejection fraction (%) |
64±9 |
67±4 |
63±9 |
0.3778 |
E/e‘ ratio |
10.7±3.9 |
7.7±0.8 |
10.9±4.0 |
0.0831 |