All patients (n=100) 1. Non-ACZ group (n=5) 2. ACZ group (n=95) P value (1 vs 2)
Male, n (%) 66 (66%) 3 (60%) 63 (66%) 0.7714
Age (year) 67.9±9.9 63.6±11.4 68.1±9.8 0.3269
Body mass index (kg/m2) 25.2±3.9 21.1±2.0 25.4±3.9 0.0166
Body surface area (m2) 1.7±0.2 1.6±0.2 1.8±0.2 0.0947
Non-paroxysmal AF, n (%) 49 (49%) 0 (0%) 49 (52%) 0.0245
Hypertension, n (%) 64 (64%) 1 (20%) 63 (66%) 0.0355
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 19 (19%) 0 (0%) 19 (20%) 0.5801
Prior stroke/TIA, n (%) 12 (12%) 1 (20%) 11 (12%) 0.5722
CHADS2 score 1.6±1.2 0.8±1.8 1.6±1.2 0.1418
Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) 120±146 50±51 125±148 0.2679
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.98±0.86 0.99±0.46 0.98±0.88 0.9745
Medication therapy
Beta blocker, n (%) 50 (50%) 1 (20%) 49 (52%) 0.1687
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%) 5 (5%) 0 (0%) 5 (5%) 0.5987
Angiotensin receptor blocker, n (%) 39 (39%) 1 (20%) 38 (40%) 0.3715
Calcium blocker, n (%) 39 (39%) 1 (20%) 38 (40%) 0.3715
Statin, n (%) 37 (37%) 0 (0%) 37 (39%) 0.787
Antiplatelet, n (%) 13 (13%) 0 (0%) 13 (14%) 0.3752
Direct oral anticoagulant, n (%) 94 (94%) 4 (80%) 90 (95%) 0.1762
Antiarrhythmic drug, n (%) 35 (35%) 2 (40%) 33 (35%) 0.8099
Echocardiographic findings
LA diameter (mm) 43±7 34±5 44±6 0.0011
LA diameter/Body surface area (cm/m2) 2.5±0.4 2.1±0.3 2.5±0.4 0.0429
E wave (cm/s) 77±22 67±16 78±22 0.3003
Deceleration time (ms) 182±53 199±29 181±54 0.4714
LV diameter during end diastole (mm) 49±5 46±4 49±5 0.1612
LV hypertrophy, n (%) 14 (14%) 0 (0%) 14 (15%) 0.3546
LV ejection fraction (%) 64±9 67±4 63±9 0.3778
E/e‘ ratio 10.7±3.9 7.7±0.8 10.9±4.0 0.0831