Variables Univariable analysis Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis Multivariable analysis
Crude odds ratio (95%CI) P-value Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) P-value
Age (years)
<20 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
20-29 2.45 (1.91-3.15) <0.001 1.90 (1.47-2.45) <0.001
30-39 4.08 (3.17-5.26) <0.001 2.93 (2.25-3.80) <0.001
≥40 8.30 (6.68-10.30) <0.001 4.54 (3.59-5.74) <0.001
Male 2.63 (2.34-2.96) <0.001 2.59 (2.28-2.95) <0.001
Race
Caucasian 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
African American 1.10 (0.92-1.32) 0.29 1.19 (0.97-1.46) 0.09
Hispanic 0.46 (0.35-0.59) <0.001 0.70 (0.53-0.93) 0.01
Asian or Pacific Islander 0.97 (0.61-1.55) 0.91 1.35 (0.82-2.23) 0.24
Other 0.72 (0.62-0.84) <0.001 1.16 (0.98-1.37) 0.08
Year of data collection
2003-2006 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
2007-2010 2.60 (2.20-3.08) <0.001 2.23 (1.86-2.67) <0.001
2011-2014 3.86 (3.28-4.54) <0.001 3.19 (2.68-3.80) <0.001
Alcohol drinking 1.08 (0.93-1.26) 0.32
Obesity 1.34 (1.02-1.76) 0.04
Anemia 3.52 (2.98-4.16) <0.001 2.31 (1.90-2.80) <0.001
Diabetes Mellitus 2.56 (2.13-3.09) <0.001
Hypertension 3.12 (2.74-3.54) <0.001 1.19 (1.02-1.39) 0.03
Dyslipidemia 2.73 (2.26-3.29) <0.001
Coronary artery disease 3.54 (2.87-4.36) <0.001
Congestive heart failure 4.55 (3.42-6.04) <0.001 1.67 (1.20-2.32) 0.002
Atrial flutter/fibrillation 3.76 (2.66-5.30) <0.001
Chronic kidney disease 18.78 (13.99-25.20) <0.001 7.00 (5.03-9.73) <0.001
Liver cirrhosis 2.86 (1.84-4.45) <0.001
Volume depletion 4.16 (3.49-4.95) <0.001 3.48 (2.87-4.23) <0.001
Sepsis 9.28 (6.51-13.23) <0.001 5.61 (3.79-8.29) <0.001
Seizure 1.34 (1.03-1.74) 0.03
Gastrointestinal bleeding 1.79 (1.33-2.39) <0.001
Ventricular arrhythmia/cardiac arrest 3.80 (2.41-5.99) <0.001 1.72 (1.01-2.91) 0.04
Gastric lavage 0.76 (0.51-1.15) 0.20