FIGURE 3 Proportion (%) of the T helper (Th) cells in the CD4+CD45RA- memory populations after intralymphatic immunotherapy with birch and/or 5-grass allergen. Blood samples were collected at three timepoints: screening, one year after, and three years after treatment had finished. The proportion of Th1 cells, defined as CD3+CD4+CD45RA-Tbet+cells, decreased over time after treatment in the groups receiving birch and placebo (a) and in the group receiving grass and placebo (b). A slight increase was observed between baseline and one year after treatment in the group receiving both birch and grass allergen (c). The proportion of Th2 cells, defined as CD3+CD4+CD45RA-GATA3+ cells, increased between baseline and three years after treatment in the group receiving birch (d), not in the group receiving grass and placebo. Furthermore, Th2 cells increased three years after treatment in the group receiving both treatments (f). The proportion of Th17 cells, defined as CD3+CD4+CD45RA-RORC+ cells, decreased between all timepoints in the treatment group receiving birch and placebo (g). The treatment groups receiving grass and placebo treatment (h) and birch and grass treatment (i) had similar changes; the proportion decreased between baseline and three years after treatment. A decrease was also observed between one year after and three years after treatment had finished. p* < 0.05; p** < 0.01; p*** < 0.001 from Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The lines indicate median and interquartile range (IQR, 25th and 75th percentile values).