Statistical analysis
Effects of the varied environmental factors on the measured physiological parameters were assessed by ANOVA, implemented in R (version 3.6.1, RStudio, Inc.), using linear regression models. Three- and four-way interactions were not included in the models to prevent overfitting and to improve interpretability of the models. To compute the ANOVA with type II sum of squares, we used the Anova () function of the car package. The models were optimized for a better tradeoff between fit and complexity by applying automated stepwise model selection based on Akaike’s information criterion using the step () function of the stats package with default settings (Venables & Ripley, 2002). Post-hoc Fisher’s LSD tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction (Benjamni & Hochberg, 1995; Steelet al ., 1997) were applied, using the LSD.test () function, to account for false discovery rates. Microsoft Excel was used for all other data analysis.