Conclusion
In summary, CYP2D6 genetic variations and concomitant drug interactions leading to phenoconversion can significantly affect therapeutic outcomes of patients receiving opioids. As illustrated by this simulated case, some patients are unable to metabolize certain opioids to their active metabolites, which may result in poor pain control and diminished quality of life. The use of PGx information and drug-gene interaction data can assist prescribers and other healthcare practitioners in selecting the most precise opioid therapy for patients.