References
  1. Hunger SP, Mullighan CG. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(16):1541-1552.
  2. Pulte D, Gondos A, Brenner H. Improvement in survival in younger patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from the 1980s to the early 21st century. Blood. 2009;113(7):1408-1411.
  3. Smith MA, Altekruse SF, Adamson PC, Reaman GH, Seibel NL. Declining childhood and adolescent cancer mortality. Cancer. 2014;120(16):2497-2506.
  4. Ramanujachar R, Richards S, Hann I, Goldstone A, Mitchell C, Vora A, Rowe J, Webb D. Adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: outcome on UK national paediatric (ALL97) and adult (UKALLXII/E2993) trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48(3):254-261.
  5. Stock W, Luger SM, Advani AS, Yin J, Harvey RC, Mullighan CG, Willman CL, Fulton N, Laumann KM, Malnassy G, Paietta E, Parker E, Geyer S, Mrózek K, Bloomfield CD, Sanford B, Marcucci G, Liedtke M, Claxton DF, Foster MC, Bogart JA, Grecula JC, Appelbaum FR, Erba H, Litzow MR, Tallman MS, Stone RM, Larson RA. A pediatric regimen for older adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of CALGB 10403. Blood. 2019;133(14):1548-1559.
  6. Ram R, Wolach O, Vidal L, Grafter-Gvili A, Shpilberg O, Raanani P. Adolescents and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Have a Better Outcome When Treated With Pediatric-Inspired Regimens: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Hematol. 2012;87(5):472-478.
  7. Huguet F, Leguay T, Raffoux E, Thomas X, Beldjord K, Delabesse E, Chevallier P, Buzyn A, Delannoy A, Chalandon Y, Vernant JP, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Chassevent A, Lhéritier V, Macintyre E, Béné MC, Ifrah N, Dombret H. Pediatric-inspired therapy in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the GRAALL-2003 study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(6):911-918.
  8. Horibe K, Tsukimoto I, Ohno R. Clinicopathologic characteristics of leukemia in Japanese children and young adults. Leukemia. 2001;15(8):1256-1261.
  9. Pichler H, Reismüller B, Dworzak MN, Pötschger U, Urban C, Meister B, Schmitt K, Panzer-Grümayer R, Haas OA, Attarbaschi A, Mann G. The inferior prognosis of adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is caused by a higher rate of treatment-related mortality and not an increased relapse rate–a population-based analysis of 25 years of the Austrian ALL-BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster) Study Group. Br J Haematol. 2013;161(4):556-565.
  10. Pui CH, Campana D, Pei D, Bowman WP, Sandlund JT, Kaste SC, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE, Raimondi SC, Onciu M, Coustan-Smith E, Kun LE, Jeha S, Cheng C, Howard SC, Simmons V, Bayles A, Metzger ML, Boyett JM, Leung W, Handgretinger R, Downing JR, Evans WE, Relling MV. Treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial irradiation. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(26):2730-2741.
  11. Pui CH, Pei D, Campana D, Bowman WP, Sandlud JT, Kaste SC, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE, Coustan-Smith E, Jeha S, Cheng C, Metzger ML, Bhojwani D, Inaba H, Raimondi SC, Onciu M, Howard SC, Leung W, Downing JR, Evans WE, Relling MV. Improved prognosis for older adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(4):386-391.
  12. Hough R, Rowntree C, Goulden N, Mitchell C, Moorman A, Wade R, Vora A. Efficacy and toxicity of a paediatric protocol in teenagers and young adults with Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from UKALL 2003. Br J Haematol. 2016;172(3):439-451.
  13. Lund B, Äsberg A, Heyman M, Kanerva J, Harila-Saari A, Hasle H, Söderhäll S, Jónsson ÓG, Lydersen S, Schmiegelow K; Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. Risk Factors for Treatment Related Mortality in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56(4):551-559.
  14. Sung L, Lange BJ, Gerbing RB, Alonzo TA, Feusner J. Microbiologically documented infections and infection-related mortality in children with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2007;110(10):3532-3539.
  15. Kobayashi R, Hori D, Sano H, Suzuki D, Kishimoto K, Kobayashi K. Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection in Children and Adolescents With Hematologic Malignant Diseases: A 10-year Analysis in a Single Institute in Japan. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018;37(12):1282-1285.
  16. Kobayashi R, Kaneda M, Sato T, Ichikawa M, Suzuki D, Ariga T. The clinical feature of invasive fungal infection in pediatric patients with hematologic and malignant diseases: a 10-year analysis at a single institution at Japan. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008;30(12):886-890.
  17. Portugal R, Garnica M, Nucci M. Index to Predict Invasive Mold Infection in High-Risk Neutropenic Patients Based on the Area Over the Neutrophil Curve. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(23):3849-3854.
  18. Sano H, Kobayashi R, Suzuki D, Hori D, Kishimoto K, Kobayashi K. Impact of the D-index deduced from duration and intensity of neutropenia following chemotherapy on the risk of invasive fungal infection in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol. 2018;108(1):85-90.
  19. Möricke A, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, Gadner H, Stanulla M, Dördelmann M, Löning L, Beier R, Ludwig WD, Ratei R, Harbott J, Boos J, Mann G, Niggli F, Feldges A, Henze G, Welte K, Beck JD, Klingebiel T, Niemeyer C, Zintl F, Bode U, Urban C, Wehinger H, Niethammer D, Riehm H, Schrappe M; German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group. Risk-adjusted therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolled in the trial ALL-BFM 95. Blood. 2008;111(9):4477-4489.
  20. Smith M, Arthur D, Camitta B, Carroll AJ, Crist W, Gaynon P, Heerema N, KornEL, Link M, Murphy S, Pui CH, Pullen J, Reamon G, Sallan SE, Sather H, Shuster J, Simon R, Trigg M, Tubergen D, Uckun F, Ungerleider R. Uniform approach to risk classification and treatment assignment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(1):18-24.
  21. De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, Stevens DA, Edwards JE, Calandra T, Pappas PG, Maertens J, Lortholary O, Kauffman CA, Denning DW, Patterson TF, Maschmeyer G, Bille J, Dismukes WE, Herbrecht R, Hope WW, Kibbler CC, Kullberg BJ, Marr KA, Muñoz P, Odds FC, Perfect JR, Restrepo A, Ruhnke M, Segal BH, Sobel JD, Sorrell TC, Viscoli C, Wingard JR, Zaoutis T, Bennett JE. Revised Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EURTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(12):1813-1821.
  22. Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR’ for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(3):452-458.
  23. Inaba H, Pei D, Wolf J, Howard SC, Hayden RT, Go M, Varechtchouk O, Hahn T, Buaboonnam J, Metzger ML, Rubnitz JE, Ribeiro RC, Sandlund JT, Jeha S, Cheng C, Evans WE, Relling MV, Pui CH. Infection-related complications during treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(2):386-392.
  24. Johnson IS, Armstrong JG, Gorman M, Burnett JP Jr. The Vinca Alkaloid: A New Class of Oncolytic Agents. 1963;23:1390-1427.
  25. Veal GJ, Hartford CM, Stewart CF. Clinical Pharmacology in the Adolescent Oncology Patient. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(32):4790-4799.
  26. Sano H, Kobayashi R, Suzuki D, Kishimoto K, Hori D, Matsushima S, Yoshida M, Sarashina T, Toriumi N, Kobayashi K. Differential efficacy of empirical antibiotic therapy for febrile neutropenia in adolescent/young adult (AYA) and child patients. Int J Hematol. 2018;108(5):543-549.
  27. Nachman JB, La MK, Hunger SP, Heerema NA, Gaynon PS, Hastings C, Mattano LA Jr, Sather H, Devidas M, Freyer DR, Steinherz PG, Seibel N. Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Have an Excellent Outcome With Chemotherapy Alone and Benefit From Intensive Postinduction Treatment: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(31):5189-94.
  28. Barry E, DeAngelo DJ, Neuberg D, Stevenson K, Loh ML, Asselin BL, Barr RD, Clavell LA, Hurwitz CA, Moghrabi A, Samson Y, Schorin M, Cohen HJ, Sallan SE, Silverman LB. Favorable Outcome for Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated on Dana-Farver Cancer Institute Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Consortium Protocols. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(7):813-819.
  29. Pui CH, Pei D, Campana D, Bowman WP, Sandlund JT, Kaste SC, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE, Coustan-Smith E, Jeha S, Cheng C, Metzger ML, Bhojwani D, Inaba H, Raimondi SC, Onciu, Howard SC, Leung W, Downing JR, Evans WE, Relling MV. Improved Prognosis for Older Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(4):386-91.
  30. Larsen EC, Salzer W, Nachman J, Devidas M, Freyer DR, Raetz EA, Winick N, Hunger SP, Carroll WL. Treatment Toxicity in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients compared with younger patients treated for high risk B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group study AALL0232. Blood. 2011;118:1510.
  31. Suzuki D, Kobayashi R, Sano H, Hori D, Kobayashi K. Sarcopenia after induction therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: its clinical significance. Int J Hematol. 2018;107(4):486-489.
  32. O’Connor D, Bate J, Wade R, Clack R, Dhir S, Hough R, Vora A, Goulden N, Samarasinghe S. Infection-related mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an analysis of infectious deaths on UKALL2003. Blood. 2014;124(7):1056-61.
  33. O’Reilly MA, Govender D, Kirkwood AA, Vora A, Samarasinghe S, Khwaja A, Grandage V, Rao A, Ancliff P, Pavasovic V, Cheng D, Carpenter B, Daw S, Hough R, O’Connor D. The Incidence of Invasive Fungal Infections in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Acute lymphoblastic Leukaemia/Lymphoma Treated With the UKALL2011 Protocol: A Multicentre Retrospective Study. Br J Haematol. 2019;186(2):327-329.
  34. Wang SS, Kotecha RS, Bernard A, Blyth CC, McMullan BJ, Cann MP, Yeoh DK, Bartlett AW, Ryan AL, Moore AS, Bryant PA, Clark J, Haeusler GM. Invasive Fungal Infections in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Results From Four Australian Centres, 2003-2013. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019;66(10):e27915.
  35. Rosen GP, Nielsen K, Glenn S, Abelson J, Deville J, MooreTB. Invasive Fungal Infections in Pediatric Oncology Patients: 11-year Experience at a Single Institution. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2005;27(3):135-40.