FIGURE 3 Distribution of the NT and the occlusion status of the superior PV among patients in the CST ablation success group and the CST ablation failure group. The NT in the CST ablation success group was mainly observed in the temperature range of ≤-46°C when complete occlusion was achieved. In contrast, the NT in the CST ablation failure group was widely scattered throughout all temperatures, except in temperatures in which the CST ablation success group was mainly observed. CST, crosstalk; NT, nadir balloon temperature; PV, pulmonary vein
FIGURE 4 Successful CST ablation case. A, LSPV isolation was not achieved by CB ablation with an NT of 52°C, complete LSPV occlusion, and freezing duration of 240 seconds. B, Successful CST ablation during CB ablation of the LIPV was observed. Both LSPV and LIPV were isolated simultaneously and LIPV ectopic beats conducted to the LSPV without conducting to the LA. AP, anterior posterior; CB, cryoballoon; CS, coronary sinus; CST, crosstalk; LA, left atrium; LAO, left anterior oblique; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; NT, nadir balloon temperature
(A)