China
(Eastern Asia)
|
Dry climate condition
|
Non-suitable human activities (e.g. agricultural reclamation,
grazing)
|
non-sustainable anthropogenic activities
|
(Zhang and Huisingh, 2018)
|
|
Dry climate |
Socioeconomic forces (Rural Population, Net income,
farmlands and arable lands, livestock grazing, deforestation and
agricultural activities are barred, afforestation and vegetation
re-enhanced) |
Socioeconomic forces |
(Feng et al., 2015) |
Mongolia
(Eastern Asia)
|
Dry climate
|
animal husbandry, grazing, crop cultivation, deforestation, mining and
inadequate waste management
|
n/a
|
(Batjargal, 1997)
|
Myanmar
(ASEAN)
|
Dryness and hot weather conditions
|
over-grazing, unsuitable crop management practices
|
n/a
|
(Tun, 2000, Tun et al., 2015)
|
Vietnam
(ASEAN)
|
Long dry seasons and short-duration intensive rainfall in the rainy
season
|
Agricultural and forestry production
|
n/a
|
(Anh et al., 2006)
|
Oman (Western Asia) |
Increased Temperature and decreased rainfall |
n/a |
n/a |
(Alvi, 1995) |
Bahrain
(Western Asia)
|
Low rainfall and high temperature
|
inappropriate land and water use and vegetation reduction
|
n/a
|
(Elagib and Abdu, 1997) (Alvi, 1995)
|
Kuwait
(Western Asia)
|
Climatological processes (low rainfall, intensive rainfall, strong winds
during dry season) and geological processes.
|
Over-grazing, vehicles, camping and over-exploitation of sediment
|
human population
|
(Al-Awadhi et al., 2003)
|
Turkey
(Western Asia)
|
Dry climate
|
Vegetation reduction, grazing, agriculture, unsuitable irrigation
techniques, soil salinization, and uncontrolled wild type plants
picking
|
Inappropriate farming, grazing activities, and de-vegetation
|
(Haktanir et al., 2004) (Camci Çetin et al., 2007)
|
Syria
(Western Asia)
|
Drought
|
Misuse of natural resources
|
n/a
|
(Haktanir et al., 2004)
|
Lebanon
(Western Asia)
|
Drought
|
Deforestation, over-grazing, urbanization, construction of
infrastructures (e.g. roads), poor agricultural and cultivation
approaches, disproportionate use of chemicals, and economic
development
|
n/a
|
(Haktanir et al., 2004)
|
Iraq
(Western Asia)
|
Dry climate, north-westerly winds
|
Population growth, decreased forest cover, pastures, and land
productivity, Urban expansion
|
n/a
|
(Al-Saidi and Al-Juaiali, 2013)
|
Cyprus
(Western Asia)
|
Summer droughts, steep slopes
|
Land use changes, abandonment of marginal land, forest fires
|
n/a
|
(ClimateChangePost, 2018)
|
Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates
(Western Asia)
|
Drought, wind erosion, Nebkha Dunes, water erosion
|
Water logging, vegetation reduction, compaction, land filling and
mining
|
Wind erosion
|
(Abdelfattah, 2009)
|
Iran
(Western Asia)
|
Dry climate, erosion (by water and wind)
|
population pressure, misuse of freshwater resources , over-grazing
|
n/a
|
(Amiraslani and Dragovich, 2011, Gu et al., 2015)
|
Sri Lanka
(Southern Asia)
|
periodic droughts
|
Cultivation, deterioration of forest
|
Chena cultivation, deterioration of forest
|
(Tennakoon, 1980)
|
Afghanistan
(Southern Asia)
|
Drought, topography, Geology
|
steep slope farming, de-vegetation and unsustainable use of scrub and
grasslands
|
n/a
|
(Saba, 2001, NEPA, 2008)
|
Bangladesh
(Southern Asia)
|
Drought, change in coastal morphology, river bank erosion, sedimentation
on agricultural land, salinity, land fragmentation
|
Shifting cultivation, faulty cultivation practice, use of pesticides,
mining in agricultural land, irrigation, overexploitation of
biomass
|
n/a
|
(Department of Environment Bangladesh, 2005)
|
Nepal
(Southern Asia)
|
n/a
|
cultivation of marginal lands, livestock grazing and biomass cover
loss
|
n/a
|
(Paudel et al., 2009)
|
Pakistan
(Southern Asia)
|
Drought, soil erosion (water erosion and wind erosion)
|
Deforestation, overgrazing, waterlogging and salinity, unsuitable
management practices, urbanization and industrialization
|
Unsuitable land management practices
|
(Anjum et al., 2010) (Hussain and Irfan, 2012)
|
Armenia
(Russia and surrounding countries)
|
Droughts, hot winds, landslides, submergence, floods, natural
salinization
|
Urban development activity, Inadequate use of agricultural equipment,
Deforestation, mining, soil contamination and disruption of
biodiversity
|
n/a
|
(MNP, 2002)
|
Georgia
(Russia and surrounding countries)
|
Droughts, wind erosion
|
Cultivation, grazing, deforestation and irrigation
|
n/a
|
(Davitashvili et al., 2009)
|
Serbia
(Central and Eastern Europe)
|
Droughts
|
Forest fires, increased surface exploitation of non-metals, raw
materials extraction and increased demands for natural resources below
the land surface, the establishment of industrial waste tips
|
n/a
|
(Gajić and Đeković, 2005)
|
Hungary
(Eastern Europe)
|
Droughts
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
(Kertész, 2016)
|