Variables Dim. 1 Dim. 2 Dim. 3
Leaf thickness 13.51 0.01 1.35
Leaf Nitrogen content (LNC) 13.09 0.36 0.13
Physical strength of leaves 12.02 0.16 5.39
Leaf C:N ratio 10.91 1.23 0.23
Leaf phosphorus content (LPC) 9.72 0.42 0.12
Leaf area 9.29 3.42 0.13
Specific leaf area (SLA) 7.89 7.44 7.93
Spinescence of leaves 5.72 1.38 7.19
Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) 0.23 17.54 1.39
Seed dispersal 4.55 16.75 18.15
Leaf carbon content (LCC) 0.04 9.01 11.65
Leaf transpiration rate (E) 2.66 8.45 3.29
Light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax) 0.06 6.84 17.43
Leaf water potential at noon (Ψnoon) 0.43 6.75 4.48
Water use efficiency (WUE) 5.10 6.06 1.23
Plant height 1.34 4.68 12.77
Pubescence of leaves 0.97 6.01 5.63
Seed mass 0.05 0.90 1.18
Cuticular conductance (gmin) 2.38 1.91 0.29
Leaf water potential at pre-dawn (Ψpre-dawn) 0.04 0.68 0.00
% of total variance explained 19.47 13.54 9.71