Methods
This prospective study was approved by the local ethics committee and
patients were included after giving oral and written informed consent.
All patients who had nocturia (≥1 nocturnal void/night) were included in
the study from eight centers between February 2018 and August 2018 with
face-to-face interview by a urologist. Patients under the age 18, with
severe neurophysicological disorders (not able to fill questionnaires)
and/or with urinary tract infection were excluded from study.
The demographic characteristics of patients were recorded. All patients
filled the overactive bladder questionnaire (OABq), nocturia-quality of
life (N-QoL) form and International Consultation on Incontinence
Questionnaire - Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-MLUTS) or
International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Female Lower
Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) forms at admission. Also 3-day
frequency-volume chart was filled by patients and the pathophysiological
mechanisms of nocturia were determined with this form. Uroflowmetry was
performed to all patients. Mechanisms of nocturia were classified in
five groups as nocturnal polyuria, global polyuria, reduced bladder
capacity, mixed nocturia and isolated nocturia.3 We
used ICS definition of nocturnal polyuria as nocturnal urine volume
>33% or >20% of total 24-hour urine volume
according to age.4 Reduced bladder capacity was
described with using nocturnal bladder capacity index
(NBCi).3 If NBCi is calculated as > 0 it
states that the bladder itself cannot store the amount of urine produced
at night and called as reduced bladder capacity. Global polyuria (24-h
polyuria) was diagnosed when the overall urine volume
>40ml/kg in adults.3 Mixed polyuria was
defined as the combination of nocturnal polyuria and reduced bladder
capacity. Nocturia which did not comply with the afore-mentioned
subtypes was defined as isolated nocturia.
Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of
nocturia: group 1 consisted of patients with mild (1-2 voids/night),
group 2 consisted of patients with moderate (3-4 voids/night) and group
3 consisted of patients with severe nocturia (>4
voids/night) and these groups were compared in terms of demographic
characteristics, voiding symptoms, frequency-volume charts and nocturia
subtypes.