Traditionally, the perspectives of a wildlife ecologist and endocrinologist regarding the psychological effects of predator exposure differed. Immunohistochemistry techniques were developed to understand the expression of c-fos in response to predator induced stress and exposure (Dielenberg et al. 2001). Staples et al. (2009) and Mackenzie et al. (2004) successfully mapped the expression of fosB and its protein product as an alternative to c-fos. Moreover, global gene expression in response to predator exposure was assessed using cDNA microarray (Rosenboom et al. 2007). Recently, Yehuda & Bierer (2009) stated the epigenetic modification of individual differences to the susceptibility of PTSD. Behavioural and physiological stress studies suggested predator exposure can lead to chronic stress and long-lasting detriments in prey individuals (Boonstra et al. 1998). Few studies, however, determine the impacts of predator exposure on population structure and reproduction. Primarily, time and space limitations obstruct the quantification of reproductive depression as a result of exposure-induced stress in experimental studies; while free-ranging individuals can avoid and, therefore, minimize predator encounters, those in artificial or manipulated enclosures are less able to do so (Stankowich & Blumstein 2005; Clinchy et al. 2013). Artificial LOF manipulations enable the recording of immediate or lasting neurological impacts of exposure. For instance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have evaluated the immediate neurological effects of predator odour exposure on rodents (Chen et al. 2009; Febo & Pira 2011). Implications upon a community scale and across generations, however, may remain unattended as a result of limited time and materials.