Energetics related with LOF model
Recent publications proposed the incorporation of energetics to
understand the movement in space with the conventional model of LOF
(Bleicher et al. 2017). Previous studies quantified the energetic
expenditure and foraging trade-offs in relation to a LOF; research on
cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris ) proposed the existence of a
correlation between the distance from shelter and the relative risk of
predation within a habitat (Van Der Merwe & Brown, 2008). Multiple
variables may alter the extent of predation risk and avoidance
behaviours within a LOF; individuals will tolerate higher risk upon
exposure to stress imposed by drought, blight, infectious disease, and
parasites (Real & Caraco 1986; Raveh et al. 2011; Bleicheret al. 2017). Prey may reduce predator avoidance if the predation
is less threatening than death by another means; African ungulates will
visit predator-infested watering holes to avoid dehydration (Lima &
Dill 1990; Haythornthwaite & Dickman 2006; Tadesse & Kotler 2011;
Iribarren & Kotler 2012; Bleicher & Dickman, 2016).