Methodology
For the preparation of manuscripts and research, we conducted an extensive literature search for manuscripts that covered the terms ‘landscape of fear’, ‘animal communication’, ‘giving up density’, ‘predation risk’ and ‘ecology of fear’, and related terms. Searches were conducted via Google Scholar, Web of Science, JSTOR, PeerJ, and Wiley Interscience Online Library. Literature deemed relevant in the aspect of calculation of landscape of fear, interpretation of the landscape of fear, the spatial distribution of predation risk, future recommendation of the concept and the so-called limitation of the concept were included in the database and proceeding reference ist. Every article was studied based on the (1) type of the article (factual, review, opinion), (2) types and numbers of predator/prey studied, (3) sensory modality used in the study and (4) results/interpretations that bring larger understanding about the concept. Much of this publication was inspired by three manuscripts not attached in the reference list (since they are unpublished and not peer-reviewed); Kathan Bandyopadhyay’s MSc thesis (Bandyopadhyay 2019), Sam Ashby’s BSc thesis (Ashby 2020) and Warren’s BSc thesis (Warren 2020).