Under this LOF model, in addition to the pressure exerted by predators in terms of mortality rate, predators will also influence the distribution of prey species within the landscape. Consequently, fear-mediated responses to predation risk can be mapped both as a “landscape of fear”, which emphasizes areas prey should avoid, to “landscapes of opportunity” (Willems & Hill 2009), which emphasizes areas of low predation risk and increased foraging opportunities (Figure 1); lagomorphs, including rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and jackrabbits (Lepus californicus ), adopt a crepuscular lifestyle to avoid the peak diurnal activity levels of coyotes (Canis latrans ) (Razo et al. 2009). Such patterns will vary spatially and temporally in relation to factors such as the diversity of the predator community, conspecific density, predator activity and natural environmental fluctuations (Bleicher et al. 2017). In addition, they will be susceptible to the influence of human activities such as habitat destruction and alteration; the lethal control of predators; the introduction of non-native species, including competitors and predators; conservation activities; and climate change (Brown et al. 1988; Brown et al. 2004; Bleicher et al. 2016; Razo et al. 2012, Laundré et al. 2001; Merwe & Brown 2008).