N. W. Ruktanonchai et al. assessed the impact of coordinated COVID-19 exit strategies across Europe (1). Their recommendation emphasized the effect of community coordination of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). NPIs are similar to community mitigation strategies (CMSs). Data of Europe shows the resurgence of the number of deaths due to COVID-19 reaching 1000 deaths per day. Europe needs the stronger quarantine monitoring for COVID-19 exit strategies.According to Worldometer, as of Oct. 8 in 2020 the number of deaths due to the COVID-19 in the United States per day is around 500 per day so that the strong surveillance fence against COVID-19 is needed in order to exit from the COVID-19 pandemic. According to Statista as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1 shows the resurgence of the number of deaths in Europe due to COVID-19 reaching 1000 deaths per day. Relaxing lockdown together may immediately spread the COVID-19 pandemic again.In order to relax the lockdown in Europe, the best effective surveillance should be implemented among surveillances in many countries (2).Hsiao-HuiTsou et al. showed three mathematical strategies and analyzed their models: Strategy A: lack of prevention of subclinical transmission, Strategy B: partial prevention using testing with different accuracy, and Strategy C (Taiwan policy): complete prevention by isolating all at-risk people (3). They recommended the complete prevention strategy of Taiwan.Data from Worldometer as of Oct. 7 2020 revealed that the cumulative number of deaths due to COVID-19 in Taiwan is only 7 while that of Europe is 235310 as of Oct. 5 2020 according to ECDC. The number of deaths in Europe is often over 500 per day as shown in Fig.1. Therefore, Europe needs the stronger quarantine monitoring which Taiwan has been operating in order to relax NPIs or CMSs.
ABSTRACTIt is sad to hear discussions among the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies1. Their actions against COVID-19 to individual government leaders were not swift. Inconsistent and slow prevention against COVID-19 may prolong the pandemic worldwide. The best surveillance should be implemented in the world as soon as possible.KEYWORDSCOVID-19; SARS; airborne; air travel; receptor ACE2; asymptomatic and presymptomaticIt is sad to hear discussions among the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies1. Their actions against COVID-19 to individual government leaders were not swift. SARS-CoV-2 was named after SARS by WHO on Feb. 1120202. From Feb. 11, expert scientists who should know the past lessons from SARS 17 years ago and MERS 8 years ago respectively should disseminate that SARS-Cov-2 is an airborneinfection virus which spreads person to person 3,4. They should also disseminate how to effectively prevent the airborne infection transmission. They should also ban air travel 4.Hoffmann et al. discovered that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoVreceptor ACE2 for host cell entry on April 16in 20205.For mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic, the expert scientists should disseminate to the world on isolation of COVID-19asymptomatic and presymptomatic patients.They should also disseminate there is still no vaccine for SARS and MERS despite dozens of attempts to develop them6. Since there is no vaccine for COVID-19, urgent isolation is an only strategy for mitigating the pandemic where the robust surveillance withpatient’s detection plays a key role.Inconsistent and slow prevention against COVID-19 may prolong the pandemic worldwide. The best surveillance should be implemented in the world as soon as possible.References:1.Osier, F., Ting, J.P.Y., Fraser, J. et al. The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? Nat Rev Immunol 20, 594–602 (2020).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00428-42.https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it3.https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ICHC_booklet_FINAL.pdf4. https://www.who.int/health-topics/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome#tab=tab_15. Hoffmann et al., 2020, Cell,181,271–280, April 16, 2020https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.0526.https://www.mountsinai.org/about/newsroom/2020/itn-there-was-no-vaccine-for-sars-or-mers-will-there-be-one-for-the-new-coronavirus-josephine-ma-and-simone-mccarthy
Dylan K Wainwright et al. indicated high-performance Tuna platform for designing autonomous underwater vehicles [1]. Although their research will be useful, they should focus on the role of fins. Vadim Pavlov, et al. described hydraulic control of tuna fins [2]. During the late 18th century, wing designs were based on anatomical studies on dolphins, trout and tuna by the “father of aerodynamics”, Sir George Cayley [3,4]. Fish that are adapted for fast swimming, like tuna, are generally fusiform in shape and this is considered an efficient, hydrodynamic shape [5,6]. The hydraulic-fin-manufacture utilized multiple small fins instead of large hydraulic fins through the experiment for adopting better boat stabilizers [7]. By using two, four or six smaller active fins grouped together, the more small fins system produces better results without causing drag and slowing boats [7]. Tuna has such efficient hydrodynamic multiple small fins including 1st dorsal fin, 2nd dorsal fin, finlets, caudal fin, pelvic fin, pectoral fin, and anal fin. Every tuna fin may have the special role for better performance in stabilization of any vehicles.References:1. Dylan K Wainwright and George V Lauder 2020 Bioinspir. Biomim.15 0350072. Vadim Pavlov, et al., Hydraulic control of tuna fins: A role for the lymphatic system in vertebrate locomotion, Science, 21 Jul 2017, Vol.357, Issue 6348, pp.310-3143. Bio-mimetic Drag Reduction – Part 2: Aero- and Hydrodynamics, March 31, 2012http://aerospaceengineeringblog.com/bio-mimetic-drag-reduction-2/4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cayley5. Eric Pickhartz, The ‘Tuna Robot’ is the Navy’s Newest Underwater Drone, July 4, 2014http://www.wideopenspaces.com/tuna-robot-navys-newest-underwater-drone/6. Kirk Janowiak, Are fish aerodynamic?, Jan 12, 2015https://www.quora.com/Are-fish-aerodynamic7. High-Performance Active Fin Stabilizers Improve Boat Speed and Performance, Feb 21, 2017http://www.gyrogalestabilizers.com/high-performance-active-fin-stabilizers-improve-boat-speed-performance/