Statistical analysis
Data were recorded in Excel v15.0 and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistical package, v. 24. Normal goodness of fit was evaluated using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The nonparametric data are expressed as median (Mdn) and interquartile range (IQR 25%–75%). For the nonparametric contrast of 2 unrelated samples, the Mann–Whitney U test was used. Relative risk computed as Iexposed/Iunexposed(Ie/Iu) was used as an association measure. Rosenthal’s r calculated from Wilcoxon Z values (r = Z/N root), attributable risk (AR) as the difference between the incidence of disease in the exposed population versus incidence in the unexposed population, calculated as Ie-Iu, attributable fraction among the exposed (AFe) as the proportion of incidents in the exposed group that are attributable to the risk factor calculated as (Ie-Iu)/Ie and population-attributable fraction (PAF)  the percentage of cases in the entire study population that can be attributed to the exposure calculated as (PAF) = (proportion of cases exposed x AFe) were used for impact measurement or effect size. To analyze the association among qualitative variables, the chi-squared test was used. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.