Results
On kangaroo Island, 138 pigs were detected, and 122 were culled; a cull rate of 3.4 pigs hour-1.  All except six pigs were culled in the habitat type in which they were detected, with those six pigs moving from a dense to sparse habitat. Only one pig detected (and shot) in an open habitat. On the Limestone Coast, 246 deer were detected, and 188 were culled resulting in a cull rate of 12.1 deer hour-1. All except 15 deer were culled in the habitat type in which they were detected, with those 15 moving from a dense to sparse habitat (cf. Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).  Sixteen pigs and 55 deer escaped, of which 13 (pigs) and 41 (deer) were seen and escaped, 1 (pig) and 14 (deer) not pursued due to the pursuit of other animals or poor light conditions (pigs = 2). Three deer moved beyond the shoot boundary and their pursuit was abandoned. Mean group size was similar for both species (pigs = 2, largest group size = 6; deer = 2, largest group size = 8), and many single individuals of both species were pursued. Seventy-two percent (pigs) and 53% (deer) were first detected in dense habitats.
There were insufficient data (audio and thermal video) to determine accurate and detailed shooting data for 24 pigs and 8 deer. For the remaining 98 pigs and 180 deer, animals were shot at a median of 3 (SD = 3) and 5 (SD = 3.7) times with median impact shots of 2.5 (SD = 1.3, mean = 2.7) and 2 (SD = 1.2, mean = 2.2) , respectively (Fig. 4).Fifteen pigs and 13 deer were confirmed incapacitated after a single impact shot. Median chase time was 71 s (SD = 171.2, mean = 110.8) for pigs and 47.0 s (SD = 56.7, mean = 62.5) for deer. Median time to incapacitation from the first impact shot was 11.5 s (SD = 42.7, mean = 24.2) for pigs and 11.0 s (SD = 33.2, mean = 21.9) for deer, with a median pursuit time until incapacitation of 94.5 s (SD = 182.6, mean = 145.5) and 98 s (SD = 71.4, mean = 107.7) respectively. Each animal impacted by a bullet was confirmed incapacitated across both programs.  For both species, the wound rate = 0, resulting in a incapacitation efficiency of 100%.