The TAAC configuration can be particularly useful when detection probability is low due to dense vegetation, avoidance behavior, or low density. Thermal imaging is a tool that can provide a high level of confidence in aerial culling programs, especially those that are focused on eradication.
We make several recommendations for any jurisdiction considering thermal-assisted aerial culling. The selection of thermal sensor is important (see Cox et al. 2021); and a high-resolution imager with a minimum of 30 Hz viewing rate is essential. A large sensor size increases swath width and depth, allowing for more area to be surveyed quickly. Transitioning to thermal imagery will be more productive if the shooter has experience with the thermal equipment in ground-shooting operations. Given the extent of communication between crew in a thermal-assisted program, and particularly between the thermal operator and the pilot, who are on diagonally opposite sides of the helicopter, clear terminology and standard phraseology should be established prior to any program to avoid confusion (this approach would also be beneficial for visual aerial shooting programs). Team communication evolves most efficiently when confronted with a real shooting situation. This enables the crew to learn how to work with each other and to work out their strategies. During searches themselves, the two observers equipped with thermal imaging (operator and shooter) can identify animals quickly, permitting a high and steady approach (e.g., 90 m and 30-40 knots) that provides more opportunities for an effective engagement (B. Florence, 2021, personal observation, 22 July).