The advent of thermal-imaging technologies, and their increasing availability and quality, provide an opportunity to improve the detection of animals at low densities or in low-detectability habitats. Thermal-imaging equipment has been used in wildlife monitoring surveys since the 1960s [see 29, 30], mostly for the detection of large ungulates, but also recently for surveys of macropods [31], koalas (Phascolarctus cinereus) [32], and spider monkeys (Ateles spp.)[33], as well as in the detection of active rabbit warrens [34]. When used correctly, thermal-imaging equipment can detect more animals than do visual surveys [31, 32, ], and detects fossorial animals and their burrows more efficiently even when obscured by vegetation [34,35].