The Limestone Coast is a low-lying sand dune region of south-eastern South Australia. Feral deer occur throughout the Limestone Coast region with fallow deer the most common. The thermal aerial culling program had a total of 15.5 flying hours across bushland on seven private holdings covering 173.7 km2. Properties included a mix of grazing and cropping, with areas of remnant tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and eucalypt woodland. Visual shoots have been done in this area 1-2 times year-1 for several years. Landholders also engaged contract, volunteer, and/or recreational shooters to assist with deer management and a commercial harvester also worked across most of the seven holdings regularly between 2018–2020. A visual aerial cull was done over the area 10 days prior (13–17 September) to the thermal aerial culling program. The visual shoot crew flew 89.9 hours, using 2 helicopters over 5 days, and culled 603 deer (6.8 deer hour-1) across 128,103 ha, with the aim of removing as many deer as quickly as possible. While vegetated areas were included, targeting occurred mainly on open pasture.