Supplementary table 1 Table 1. Predisposing risk factors for viral reactivation among DRESS patients Supplementary table 1 Table 1. Predisposing risk factors for viral reactivation among DRESS patients Supplementary table 1 Table 1. Predisposing risk factors for viral reactivation among DRESS patients Supplementary table 1 Table 1. Predisposing risk factors for viral reactivation among DRESS patients Supplementary table 1 Table 1. Predisposing risk factors for viral reactivation among DRESS patients Supplementary table 1 Table 1. Predisposing risk factors for viral reactivation among DRESS patients
Characteristics
Viral Reactivation
Viral Reactivation
Total (N=93)
Univariate Analysis
Univariate Analysis
No (N=54) Yes (N=39) Unadjusted OR* (95% CI)
p-value
Age (years), Mean (SD) 54 (18) 61 (15) 57 (17) 1.0 (1.0 to 1.1) 0.06
Gender, n(%)
Female 30 (55.6) 22 (56.4) 52 (55.9) 1.0 (0.5 to 2.4) 0.94
Male 24 (44.4) 17 (43.6) 41 (44.1) Reference Reference
Ethnicity, n(%)
Chinese 32 (59.3) 30 (76.9) 62 (66.7) Reference Reference
Malay 10 (18.5) 04 (10.3) 14 (15.1) 0.4 (0.1 to 1.5)
Indian 05 (9.3) 05 (12.8) 10 (10.8) 1.1 (0.3 to 4.1) 0.61+
Others 07 (13.0) 00 07 (7.5) NE
Comorbidities, n(%)
Malignancy 06 (11.1) 04 (10.3) 10 (10.8) 0.9 (0.2 to 3.5) 0.90
HIV 00 01 (2.6) 01 (1.1) NE 0.99
Infection 05 (9.3) 05 (12.8) 10 (10.8) 1.4 (0.4 to 5.4) 0.59
Liver disease 06 (11.1) 02 (5.1) 08 (8.6) 0.4 (0.1 to 2.3) 0.32
Renal disease 17 (31.5) 13 (33.3) 30 (32.3) 1.1 (0.5 to 2.6) 0.85
Heart disease 10 (18.5) 09 (23.1) 19 (20.4) 1.3 (0.5 to 3.6) 0.59
Hypertension 32 (59.3) 27 (69.2) 59 (63.4) 1.6 (0.7 to 3.7) 0.33
Hyperlipidemia 25 (46.3) 22 (56.4) 47 (50.5) 1.5 (0.7 to 3.4) 0.34
Diabetes 17 (31.5) 09 (23.1) 26 (28.0) 0.7 (0.3 to 1.7) 0.37
Autoimmune 06 (11.3) 01 (2.6) 07 (7.6) 0.2 (0 to 1.8) 0.15
Treatment, n(%)**
Topical Steroids 26 (51.0) 15 (38.5) 41 (45.6) Reference
Systemic Steroids 25 (49.0) 24 (61.5) 49 (54.4) 1.7 (0.7 to 3.9) 0.24
Causative Drug, n(%)
Anti-epileptic drugs 08 (14.8) 01 (2.6) 09 (9.7) 0.2 (0 to 1.3) 0.08
Allopurinol 19 (35.2) 17 (43.6) 36 (38.7) 1.4 (0.6 to 3.3) 0.41
Bactrim 08 (14.8) 04 (10.3) 12 (12.9) 0.7 (0.2 to 2.4) 0.52
Sulfasalazine 06 (11.1) 03 (7.7) 09 (9.7) 0.7 (0.2 to 2.9) 0.58
NE: Not estimable * Note: Odds ratio (OR) of viral reactivation, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, pancreas, gastrointestinal and others (e.g. thyroid) involvement are based on presence of condition ** No treatment (3) NE: Not estimable * Note: Odds ratio (OR) of viral reactivation, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, pancreas, gastrointestinal and others (e.g. thyroid) involvement are based on presence of condition ** No treatment (3) NE: Not estimable * Note: Odds ratio (OR) of viral reactivation, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, pancreas, gastrointestinal and others (e.g. thyroid) involvement are based on presence of condition ** No treatment (3) NE: Not estimable * Note: Odds ratio (OR) of viral reactivation, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, pancreas, gastrointestinal and others (e.g. thyroid) involvement are based on presence of condition ** No treatment (3) NE: Not estimable * Note: Odds ratio (OR) of viral reactivation, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, pancreas, gastrointestinal and others (e.g. thyroid) involvement are based on presence of condition ** No treatment (3) NE: Not estimable * Note: Odds ratio (OR) of viral reactivation, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, pancreas, gastrointestinal and others (e.g. thyroid) involvement are based on presence of condition ** No treatment (3)