2.1. Study design:
A retrospective observational study was conducted in the ICU of Elaraby
hospital, Ashmoun, Menoufia, Egypt from April 2017 to January 2019. The
inclusion criteria were Klebsiella isolates obtained from the
clinical specimen of ICU patients aged more than 12 years during the
study period. The data of the bacterial isolates were collected from the
hospital laboratory records and the data of carbapenem consumption were
obtained from the main pharmacy records. The ASP was started on 1 March
2018.