Extract of Morus alba fruits
The dried fruits of M. alba L. were purchased from a local
herbal market in Jeonbuk, Korea. The fruits were pulverized into powder
and extracted twice with hot water (70 ˚C) for 3 hours. The solvent was
removed under reduced pressure in an RV10 rotary evaporator (IKA,
Staufen, Germany) to yield an M. alba fruit hot water extract
(59.3%, w/w). The extract was dried to a powder and kept in a closed
container until use. To avoid variations in activity for different
preparations, enough extract was obtained in one batch for use
throughout the experiments. The content of the marker pyrrole alkaloid,
2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H -pyrrole-1-butanoic acid, inMorus alba L. was quantitated using high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) (Chang et al.,
2015).