Antigen-specific antibodies
Serum-specific IgG and the IgM were measured by an indirect ELISA technique to evaluate the adjuvant effect of Morus alba L. on humoral immune responses. The highest igM values were obtained one week after the viral challenges. In contrast, the IgG levels showed a tendency to increase steadily after the viral challenges. The IgM and IgG levels in vaccinated mice administered Morus alba L. were higher than those given vaccine only. Based on the above results, antibody isotypes and IgG subclasses were measured in sera collected from individual mice on day 28. The typical Th2 immune response anti-OVA IgG1 concentrations were the highest in the Morus alba L. and alum groups. However, the Th1 immune response IgG2a concentrations were decreased in alum-treated mice compared to Morus alba L. treatment. Morus alba L. treatment increased IgG2a concentrations compared to the vaccinated group (Fig. 5).