Fig. 4 Elevational variations of (a) mean annual temperature, MAT; (b) mean annual precipitation, MAP; (c) temperature seasonality, TS; (d) mean annual temperature range, MATR; (e) mid-domain effect, MDE; (f) temperature change between present and the last glacial maximum, TC; (g) precipitation change between present and the last glacial maximum, PC; (h) population, POP; (i) area of anthropogenic land use, AALU; (j) species richness, SR.