Study Proportion of raised LFTs Maximum time to resolution of LFTs
Chan (2003) Hong Kong N = 77; Paediatric ALT + AST – 59.2% Bilirubin – 5.6%
5.7 weeks
Gonzalez Sandana (2012) Mexico N = 163; Paediatric Transaminases – 40.0% Bilirubin – 42.1%
NR
Herbinger (2016) Germany N = 51; All ages AST – 64.7% ALT – 76.5% GGT – 70.6%
NR
Ishibashi (1987) Japan N = 9; Adult
Transaminases – 100%
NR
Massei (2001) Italy N = 54; All ages ALT – 48.1% GGT – 20.4%
12 weeks
Mazur (2019) Poland N = 181; Paediatric AST – 48.1% ALT – 49.2% GGT – 26.5%
NR
Monteiro (2020) Brazil N = 251; All ages AST – 11.8% ALT – 15.8% GGT – 25.0%
NR
Mygind (1976) Denmark N = 36; Ages not specified
AST – 69.4%
10 weeks
Rotenburg (1991) Israel N = 82; Ages not specified AST – 69.5% ALT – 89.0%
NR
Sohn (2017) Korea N = 149; Paediatric
ALT – 71.1%
NR
Son (2011) Korea N = 81; Paediatric
ALT +/- AST – 51.9%
NR
Sridhar (2018) Hong Kong N = 25; Adult AST – 100.0% ALT – 96.0% GGT – 91.7% ALP – 56.0% Bilirubin – 0%
NR
Vanderhorst (1991) USA N = 120; Ages not specified AST – 43.1% ALT – 40.5%
NR
Zhang (2017) China N = 95; Ages not specified
No numerical values but ‘ALT, AST and GGT levels are significantly increased in IM patients compared to controls’; ‘bilirubin is lower compared to controls’
NR
Gadeberg (1984) Denmark N = 10; All ages
ALT – 88.9%
>6 weeks
Dommerby (1986) Denmark N = 29; All ages AST – 65.6% ALP – 31.0% Bilirubin – 0.0%
17 weeks
Baehner (1967) USA N = 105; Paediatrics AST – 24.4% ALT – 35.6% Bilirubin – 15.6%
NR
Kanegane (1997) Japan N = 54; Paediatrics
No numerical values but ‘mean AST and ALT values for all study patients were abnormal’
NR
Henke (1973) USA N = 776; All ages
Liver function – 53.8%
NR
Rosalki (1960) UK N = 23; Adult AST – 78.3% ALT – 82.6% ALP – 39.1% Bilirubin – 13.0%
12 weeks
Shuster (1967) USA N = 46; Ages not specified AST – 83.7% ALP – 82.6% Bilirubin – 17.8%
NR
Kilpatrick (1966) Germany N = 20; Adult ALT – 65.0% ALP – 38.9% Bilirubin – 6.7%
NR
Grotto (2003) Israel N = 114; Adult AST – 34.7% ALT – 53.2% Bilirubin – 14.9%
NR
Gao (2011) China N = 418; Paediatric
AST + ALT – 48.6%
NR
Rea (2001) USA N = 140; All ages AST – 31.4% ALT – 61.4% Bilirubin – 5.7%
>6 months
Ginsburg (1977) USA N = 30; Paediatric AST – 36.7% Bilirubin – 10.0%
NR
Gelb (1962) USA N = 69; All ages AST – 83.0% ALT – 84.1% ALP – 81.4% Bilirubin – 42.9%
6 weeks
Finkel (1964) USA N = 235; Ages not specified AST – 78.0% ALT – 78.6% ALP – 76.3% Bilirubin – 21.1%
NR
Wang (2013) China N = 287; All ages AST – 74.1% ALT – 74.7% GGT – 52.8% Bilirubin – 12.6%
>12 days
Topp (2015) Denmark N = 95; Paediatric ALT – 53.7% Bilirubin – 9.3%
NR
Baron (1965) UK N = 80; Ages not specified AST – 72.5% ALP – 55.2% Bilirubin – 37.7%
6 weeks
Evans (1948) USA N = 19; Ages not specified ALP – 42.9% Bilirubin – 36.8%
>6 weeks
NR – Not reported NR – Not reported NR – Not reported