Figure 3: The first two canonical variates of the canonical variate analysis (CV1 and 2) of mandible shape variation amongst localities of R. simulator . Light blue outline represents the average shape; Dark blue outline shows the deviation of shape of mandibles from the average. Locality abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 1.
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For R. cf. simulator , the first two canonical variates of the CVA of shape variation amongst the localities explained 100% of the variation (Fig. 4). CV1 was associated with changes in the total length of the mandible, thickness of the ascending ramus and the thickness of the alveolar bone as shown by the wireframe graphs (85% of the variation; Fig. 4). The NZ localities fell at the positive end of CV1 and appeared to have a shorter total length of mandible, a thinner ascending ramus, and a thinner alveolar bone than the average shape. Conversely, DR and NE localities fell at the negative end of CV1 and had a longer total length of mandible and thicker alveolar bone relative to the average. CV2 was associated with ascending ramus dimensions and position of the incisor teeth (15% of the variation; Fig. 4). The DR locality was at the positive end of CV2 and had an outline implying a shorter ascending ramus and more posterior incisors relative to the average. NZ was at the negative end of CV2 suggesting a slightly longer ascending ramus and slightly posterior incisors than the average shape (Fig. 4).