DENV1
Previous studies have shown that DENV1 infection can lead to typical apoptosis in a variety of human and animal cells including BHK, HUH-7, Vero and mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro 2a) cell lines(Desprès, Flamand, Ceccaldi, & Deubel, 1996; Nasirudeen, Li, & Ding, 2008). And DENV1 replicated in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) leads to the activation of transcription factor NF-κB and induces apoptosis(Marianneau, Cardona, Edelman, Deubel, & Desprès, 1997). Another study found that accumulation of DENV1 viral protein in the ER, rather than the release of virus, can induce ER stress and activate the apoptosis pathway. In addition, DENV1 C and prM proteins have been shown to trigger MMP down-regulation and p53 expression in HUH-7 cells, suggesting that mitochondria- and p53-mediated pathways are very likely to participate in DENV1-induced apoptosis(Nasirudeen et al., 2008). The regulatory effects of DENV and its proteins on apoptosis are summarized in Table 1.