Acknowledgements: Dr. Dayan would like to acknowledge Dr. Ugochinyere Ukah for review of the manuscript and suggestions for model refinement.
Disclosure of Interests: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution to Authorship: ND, AP and JGR designed the study and interpreted analyses. ND wrote the manuscript. JL and JG assisted with study design and cohort creation and performed data analyses. GDS contributed to study design and data analysis interpretation. DBF, CL, OB, and AP assisted with study design and data interpretation. All authors revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content, approved the version to be published and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Detail of ethics approval: The use of data in this project was authorized under section 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act, which does not require review by a Research Ethics Board.
Funding: This study was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number 15139). The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Dr. Dayan is supported by the Fondation de Recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS) Chercheur Boursier Clinicien award. This study was also supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Parts of this material are based on data and information compiled and provided by MOHLTC and CIHI. The analyses, conclusions, opinions and statements expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the funding or data sources; no endorsement is intended or should be inferred. This Study is based in part on data provided by Better Outcomes Registry and Network (“BORN”), part of the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario. The interpretation and conclusions contained herein do not necessarily represent those of BORN Ontario.